Sampling in Quantitative Studies

Question 2

what are some considerations when thinking about your analysis from the beginning?

Answer 2

samplning the correct number and type of people

collecting the information you need

minimize your mistakes/biases

Question 3

what is boundary setting?

Answer 3

setting limits to what and who will be in the study

Question 4

what is inclusion/exclusion criteria in quantitative research?

Answer 4

Exclusion and inclusion criteria in research are like setting rules for who can and cannot participate in a study. These criteria help determine your recruitment and sampling plan

Question 5

what is the goal of quantitative sampling?

Answer 5

to select a representative sample so you can generalize
to the larger study population=good external validity

Question 6

what are types of sampling errors?

Answer 6

random error
systematic error

Question 7

what is random error?

Answer 7

by chance

Question 8

what is systematic error?

Answer 8

a type of error that consistently skews results in one direction, often due to flaws in the design or execution of the study.

Question 9

what are the 5 steps in sampling for quantitative studies?

Answer 9

Define population by specifying criteria

Develop sampling plan

Determine sample size

Implement sampling procedures

Compare critical values of sample to population

Question 10

what is simple random sampling?

Answer 10

every element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample

Example: You want to survey older adults living in Canada to see what their living situations are like

Question 11

what is systematic sampling?

Answer 11

like picking every nth item from a line to represent the entire group. It’s a method used to select a sample from a larger population in a systematic and structured way.

Question 12

what is stratified random sampling?

Answer 12

first divide your
population into groups (strata) and then randomly sample within the
groups

Question 13

what is an example of cluster sampling?

Answer 13

Example: You want to look at home care clients in Canada:
First randomly choose certain provinces from a list of all
provinces
Second randomly choose district health authorities within
the provinces
*Third randomly choose home care clients within those
districts

Question 14

what is non probability sampling?

Answer 14

It’s a method of selecting participants for a study where not every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Instead, participants are selected based on the judgment or convenience of the researcher.

Question 15

what are types of non probability sampling?

Answer 15

convenience sampling
purposive sampling
snowball sampling

Question 16

what is convenience sampling?

Answer 16

sets up inclusion/exclusion
criteria and then samples everyone who volunteers and
meets that criteria (it is easier to get people), you can
also do a convenience sample then randomly assign to
intervention or control

Question 17

what is purposive sampling?

Answer 17

deliberate selection of participants
based on certain criteria

Question 18

what is snowball sampling?

Answer 18

asking the participants you locate to
suggest others who meet the criteria

Question 19

Should you choose an existing questionnaire (tool) or create
one?

Answer 19

When possible choose tools that have previously been
developed, and psychometrically evaluated for reliability
and validity
OR
*Spend substantial time prior to or in the early stages of the
research developing instruments; and refining/
documenting the reliability and validity of these
instruments