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Research Approaches and EBP > Qualitative Study Designs > Flashcards

Qualitative Study Designs Flashcards

1
Q

where is phenomena best understood?

A

within natural context

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2
Q

what is an interpretivist paradigm?

A

an approach that emphasizes understanding and interpreting the meanings that individuals attribute to their experiences, actions, and interactions within social contexts.

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3
Q

what is a positivist paradigm?

A

emphasizes the use of scientific methods, empirical evidence, and quantifiable data to study and understand the world.

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4
Q

what studies is an interpretivist paradigm used for?

A

most common in qualitative studies

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5
Q

what studies is a positivist paradigm used for?

A

most common in quantitative studies

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6
Q

what is a realist paradigm?

A

offers a nuanced and contextually rich approach to understanding social phenomena. It seeks to go beyond simple cause-and-effect relationships to uncover the deeper mechanisms and patterns that shape social change and stability.

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7
Q

what is a critical theory paradigm?

A

an approach that examines power dynamics, social inequalities, and structures of oppression in society.

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8
Q

what is the main focus of phenomenology?

A

figuring out meaning of experiences for participants

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9
Q

what is the main focus of ethnography?

A

to understand the culture or patterns and meanings in a group

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10
Q

what is a complete participant?

A

a role taken by a researcher who fully immerses themselves in the social context being studied without revealing their identity as a researcher to the participants.

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11
Q

what is participant as observer

A

a role taken by a researcher who actively participates in the activities and interactions of the group being studied while also maintaining their identity as a researcher and conducting observations.

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12
Q

what is an observer as participant?

A

a role taken by a researcher who primarily acts as an observer within a social context while occasionally engaging in limited participation.

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13
Q

what is a complete observer?

A

a role taken by a researcher who solely observes a social setting or group without actively participating in the activities or interactions.

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14
Q

what is a narrative analysis design?

A

used to analyze and interpret stories or narratives to understand the meaning, structure, and underlying themes within them.

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15
Q

trustworthiness strategies are the responsibility of who in designing, conducting, and publishing qualitative research?

A

the researcher

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16
Q

according to Guba and Lincoln trustworthiness of a research study is important to evaluating what?

A

its worth

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17
Q

what does trustworthiness involve establishing?

A

credibility
transferability
dependability
confirmability

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18
Q

what is credibility?

A

confidence in the ‘truth’ of the findings

essential for ensuring that research findings are trustworthy and can be relied upon by other researchers

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19
Q

what is transferability?

A

showing that the findings have applicability in other
contexts

involves considering whether the results of a research study can be transferred or applied to similar situations or populations in different contexts.

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20
Q

what is dependability?

A

showing that the findings are consistent and could be
repeated

21
Q

what is confirmability?

A

refers to the degree to which the findings of a study are free from researcher bias, influence, or subjectivity, and are instead based on the data collected and analyzed.

22
Q

what is reflexivity?

A

an essential aspect of qualitative research that helps researchers critically examine their own positionality and biases, leading to more transparent, credible, and nuanced research findings.

23
Q

what is a typical sample size in interpretative research?

A

1-6

24
Q

what is a typical sample size in constructivist research?

A

8+

25
Q

what is a typical sample size in critical research?

A

depends on adequacy and appropriateness

26
Q

what is appropriateness?

A

informant/participant fit with the study purpose

27
Q

what is adequacy?

A

sufficiency and quality of data provided by participants

28
Q

when does sampling in qualitative research continue until?

A

the data are saturated

no new information achieved

researcher hears no new information

emerging theory or themes are relevant complete and make sense

29
Q

what is maximum variation sampling?

A

used to select a diverse range of participants or cases that represent a wide range of perspectives, experiences, or characteristics relevant to the research question.

30
Q

what is homogenous sampling?

A

technique used to select participants or cases that share similar characteristics, experiences, or perspectives relevant to the research question

31
Q

what is theoretical sampling?

A

technique used in grounded theory methodology to guide the selection of participants or cases based on emerging theoretical concepts or categories.

32
Q

what is prolonged engagement?

A

refers to the practice of spending an extended period of time immersed in the research setting or with the participants.

33
Q

what is persistent observation?

A

observation of participants or a research setting over an extended period of time.

34
Q

what is triangulation?

A

used to enhance the credibility and validity of findings by integrating multiple data sources, methods, perspectives, or researchers’ viewpoints to corroborate or validate research findings.

35
Q

what is member checking?

A

involves sharing research findings, interpretations, or summaries with participants and inviting them to provide feedback, corrections, or additional insights based on their own perspectives and experiences

36
Q

what is systematic analysis?

A

the rigorous and structured process of examining and interpreting data collected during a research study.

37
Q

what is negative case analysis?

A

used to enhance the credibility and validity of findings by systematically examining cases, instances, or data points that contradict or challenge the prevailing patterns, trends, or theories identified in the research.

38
Q

what is referential adequacy?

A

the extent to which the data accurately reflect the participants’ perspectives, contexts, and experiences in a way that is faithful and meaningful.

39
Q

what are audit trails?

A

a documentation method used in research to provide a transparent and systematic record of the research process, including data collection, analysis, and decision-making.

40
Q

what is thick description?

A

aims to provide rich, contextualized accounts that go beyond surface-level observations to capture the deeper meanings, symbols, and interpretations inherent in human actions and interactions.

41
Q

what is inquiry audit?

A

examining the research process, methods, data, and findings to assess whether they adhere to established standards, ethical principles, and best practices in research.

42
Q

How much shape should a qualitative research design
have before you gather data

A

The amount of structure depends on the time available,
how much already is known about the phenomena under
study, the instruments already available, and the analysis
that will be done

43
Q

what are you seeking in focus groups?

A

cross-talk among participants, rather
than one after another answering the question

44
Q

what is essential fora focus group?

A

Recruitment of appropriate participants

45
Q

when facilitating a focus group, questions and exercises should be developed with what in mind?

A

group dynamics

46
Q

what are good qualities of a facilitator for a focus group?

A

Ability to weave questions so they appear to be natural

The ability to clarify, paraphrase, and reflect back what has been said

47
Q

what are weaknesses of a focus group?

A

Censoring and conforming

Tailored to be in line with group

48
Q

what is inductive reasoning?

A

a logical process used in research to derive general principles, theories, or conclusions from specific observations or empirical evidence.

49
Q

what is abductive reasoning?

A

logical inference commonly used in research to generate hypotheses, theories, or explanations for observed phenomena

Research Approaches and EBP (16 decks)

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