Bias in Research

Question 1

what studies have more bias?

Answer 1

observational

Question 2

what is bias?

Answer 2

processes that lead you to deviate from the truth in answering your research question

Question 3

what is a type I error in bias?

Answer 3

finding an association or significant finding when none exist

Question 4

what is a type II error in research?

Answer 4

find no association when one truly exists

Question 5

what is selection bias?

Answer 5

you got the wrong subjects
sample does not accurately reflect the target population

Question 6

what is information bias?

Answer 6

you got the wrong information
key study variables are inaccurately measured or classified

Question 7

what is confounding bias?

Answer 7

you got the wrong variables

when an outside factor affects both the independent and dependent variables, making it seem like there’s a relationship between them when there isn’t.

Question 8

what is the general population?

Answer 8

the entire population of people with the condition
ex: ppl with MS

Question 9

what is the target population?

Answer 9

the population you wish to generalize you results
ex: people with RR type of MS with no cognitive impairment

Question 10

what is the available population?

Answer 10

the population available to you because of where you live or where you work

Question 11

what is the sample population?

Answer 11

the group you get into your study

Question 12

what is selection bias?

Answer 12

the sample population does not represent the target population

Question 13

what are types of selection bias?

Answer 13

volunteer bias
referral bias
non-response bias

Question 14

what is volunteer bias?

Answer 14

when people whoo volunteer to participate in the study are different from those who don’t volunteer

ex: healthy subject agree to participate in a study about the health status of a community

Question 15

what is referral bias?

Answer 15

when participants are referred to a study by others

ex: LBW infants with potential for poor outcome are transferred to a particular type of tertiary care hospital and are entering in a study of the outcome of low birth weight

Question 16

what is non-response bias?

Answer 16

happens when people chosen for a study don’t participate

ex: smokers who perceive themselves to have very good health enter a study of the health effects of smoking

Question 17

what is information bias?

Answer 17

occurs when there are inaccuracies in the data collected or measured

Question 18

what are the types of information bias?

Answer 18

recall bias
observer bias
respondent bias

Question 19

what is recall bias?

Answer 19

happens when participants don’t accurately remember past events or experiences, leading to inaccurate data

Question 20

what is observer bias?

Answer 20

when the personal beliefs or expectations of the researcher influence their observations or interpretations of study outcomes.

Question 21

what is respondent bias?

Answer 21

when participants give answers that they think the researcher wants to hear, rather than their true beliefs or experiences.