sampling

Question 1

describe random sapling

Answer 1

Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in. eg can select names from a hat

Question 2

describe systematic sampling

Answer 2

every member of the target population had an equal chance of being selected to take part.

however, every nth member is selected to take part

eg, researcher might take a shcool register and every 5th student is chosen to participate in the study

Question 3

describe self selective sampling

Answer 3

uses ads, allowing possible members of the target population to respond

ppl usually volenteet due to goodwill, curiosity or financial encouragement

Question 4

describe opportunity sampling

Answer 4

investigator gathers pots from one particular place/ time out of convenience

pots will be those who are likely to come into contact with the investigato. this is why university students are often used in experiments by their lecturers

Question 5

snowball sampling

Answer 5

often used where members of the target population are difficult to reach or rare

it works by the researcher identifying ppts and then asking them to refer or nominate other potential ppts who fit the sample role

(asking ppts to find other suitable ppts which they may know )

Question 6

snowball sampling

Answer 6

often used where members of the target population are difficult to reach or rare

it works by the researcher identifying ppts and then asking them to refer or nominate other potential ppts who fit the sample role

Question 7

stratified sampling

Answer 7

researcher identifies different groups of participants within the target population(eg gender age)

ppts from each groip (strata) are then randomly selected, based on frequency of occurance in the general population

with stratified sampling the researcher divides the population into seperate groups, called strata,

Then a probability sample (often a simple random sample) is drawn from each group

eg, if the target population are 60 percent british , 40 percent french the sample will reflect this so out of 100 ppts 60 will be british and 40 will be french.

Question 8

describe quota sampling

Answer 8

where the target population is divided into subgroups, e.g. by sex,
and the participants are chosen from each subgroup at the convenience of the researcher.

Question 9

strengths of snowball sampling

Answer 9

enables a researcher to locate groups of people who are difficult to access

eg, drug addicts

Question 10

strengths of stratified sampling

Answer 10

Eliminates the possibility of researcher bias as everyone has an equal chance of being selected

it’s more representative than other sampling methods, and means results can be generalised to the wider population

Question 11

stratified sampling weaknesses

Answer 11

very time consuming. it requires the researcher to work out the occurance of different types of people in the target population and then calculate how many is needed within each sub group to reflect this

Question 12

quota sampling weaknesses

Answer 12

very time consuming and difficult to conduct

subcategories and proportions have to be calculated meaning that, although it’s highly representative, it’s not often used

Question 13

advantage of random sampling

Answer 13

unbiased

Question 14

disadvantage of random sampling

Answer 14

takes time to contact everyone in the target population

Question 15

what is opportunity sampling

Answer 15

using the first people you can get.
asking participants if they would like to take part in the sampling

Question 16

advantages of opportunity sampling

Answer 16

easiest method as you just use the first ppl u find

not time consuming

cheap , easy and simple

Question 17

disadvantages of opportunity sampling

Answer 17

biased to the type of ppl in the area you are recruiting from

Question 18

advantage of snowball sampling

Answer 18

easy way to find participants with a certain attribute (drug user or member of a cult) who you wouldn’t usually have access to

Question 19

sampling frame

Answer 19

smaller group from target population from which the researcher will select ppts from

Question 20

self selected sample

Answer 20

advertising for volenteers

Question 21

quota sampling

Answer 21

a non- probability sampling method where the researcher selects ppts based on specific characteristics, ensuring they represent certain attributes in proprtion to their prevalence in the population