sampling

Question 1

sampling

Answer 1

the process of selecting groups of people, events, behaviours or other elements for a study

Question 2

population

Answer 2

a well-defined set that has certain properties or characteristics from which data can be gathered and analyzed

Question 3

target population

Answer 3

entire population of interest

Question 4

accessible population

Answer 4

the population the researcher has access to

Question 5

inclusion criteria

Answer 5

sampling criteria identified by the researcher that must be present for the subject or element to be included in the study

Question 6

exclusion criteria

Answer 6

sampling requirements identified by the researcher that eliminate or exclude a subject or element from being in the sample

Question 7

homogenous sample

Answer 7

group with limited variation in attributes or characteristics
having more similarities helps researcher to limit extraneous variables

Question 8

heterogeneity

Answer 8

a sample group with a wider variety of characteristics
- reduce bias
- can only be used in studies that do not use random sampling

Question 9

representative sample

Answer 9

researcher need to ensure that the sample is representative of the population to ensure good generalizability

Question 10

non-probability sampling

Answer 10

not every participant has an opportunity for selection in the sample which limits eligibility and uses a non-random selection process

Question 11

probability sampling

Answer 11

random selection of participants from the population which ensures that each participant has an equal and independent chance of being included in the study

Question 12

convenience sample

Answer 12

technique in which subjects are included in the study because they happen to be in the right place at the right time
- easy way for researchers to obtain participants but increased risk of bias

Question 13

quota sample

Answer 13

convenience sample with an added strategy to ensure the inclusion of subject types likely to be under represented in a convenience sample such as a minority groups, women and the undereducated

Question 14

purposive sample

Answer 14

process that involves conscious selection of participants by the researcher to ensure certain subjects with specific criteria are chosen for the project

Question 15

network (snow-balling) sample

Answer 15

subjects that meet the sample criteria are asked to assist in locating others with similar characteristics to join the study

Question 16

simple random sampling

Answer 16

the researcher lists all the possible participants from a population who meet the inclusion criteria and then a random sample is chosen for the study

Question 17

stratified random sampling

Answer 17

the population is divided in strata or homogenous subgroups, then an appropriate number of subjects is randomly chosen from the subgroups

Question 18

multistage (cluster) sampling

Answer 18

the random selection of the sample which meets inclusion criteria goes through several stages from a large to a small sample

Question 19

systematically sampling

Answer 19

selection of every “4th” case drawn from a population list at fixed interval, such as every 5th member of a cohort
researcher divides the population by the size of the desired sample to obtain sampling interval
- every __ of the list will become part of the sample

Question 20

effect size

Answer 20

the degree to which the phenomena is present in the population
how large a difference will be observed between the groups

Question 21

power analysis

Answer 21

the procedure conducted by the researcher and/or statistician and will include calculations using effect size

Question 22

qualitative research

Answer 22

no power analysis is used to determine the number of needed participants
sample is determined by the purpose, type of sampling, research method used