intro to quantitative research Flashcards

1
Q

quantitative research

A

a formal, objective and systematic process to describe and test relationships and/or examine cause and effect interactions among variables
- requires a research design so the consumer can clearly understand the research questions, how the study was conducted and what the results indicate

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2
Q

research design

A

is blueprint for conducting the study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings

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3
Q

design

A

the plan, strategy and structure for hypothesis testing or answering research questions

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4
Q

objectivity

A

review of the literature, assessing what is known about the research problems

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5
Q

accuracy

A

using review of literature helps to determine the best theoretical framework that will accurately, logically and systematically examine the research problem

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6
Q

feasibility

A

the ability of the study to be successful
- cost, availability, timing, data analysis

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7
Q

pilot study

A

simple small study that is conducted to determine the objectively, accuracy and feasibility of the study before embarking on a large experimental study

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8
Q

control

A

are the measures that the researcher uses to keep the study uniform (consistent) and prevent bias

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9
Q

bias

A

is any action or influence that distortions the finding of the study

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10
Q

homogenous sampling

A

having a sample that is very similar

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11
Q

inclusion criteria

A

characteristics that can be controlled - age, gender, medical history as relevant
limits who the study applies to

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12
Q

consistent in data collection

A

each participant is exposed to the same environmental conditions, timing of data collecting instruments and data collection procedures
consistency allows the researcher to draw clear conclusions and limits extraneous (outside) effects = higher quality research

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13
Q

experimental group

A

group that receives the intervention

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14
Q

control group

A

group that does not receive the intervention

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15
Q

randomization

A

sampling process where each participant has an equal change of being in the experimental or control group

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16
Q

internal validity

A

is the degree to which the experimental intervention results in observable effects

17
Q

history threats

A

events that are not related to the planned study but occurs during the time of the study and could influence the responses of the sample to the treatment
- internal validity

18
Q

maturation effect

A

unplanned and unrecognized changes experienced during the study
ex: participant aging, getting stronger
- internal validity

19
Q

testing effect

A

taking the same questionnaire can impact scores
ex: pre and post test
- internal validity

20
Q

instrumentation threat

A

changes in the way the IV data is gathered that could account for changes in obtained measurements
- internal validity

21
Q

mortality (attrition)

A

subjects drop out of the study before completion which creates a threat to the internal validity

22
Q

selection bias

A

addresses the participants are chosen to take part in the study
- internal validity

23
Q

external validity

A

examine the ability of the study to be generalized to additional populations and environmental conditions

24
Q

selection effects

A

generalizability of the results to other populations
- examine how the participants are chosen to take part in the study and how subjects are grouped together
- small population or specific sampling methods to recruit participants could impact results and generalizability
- external validity

25
Q

reactive effects (Hawthorne effect)

A

examines the participants response to being studied
- participants change their responses simply because they are part of the study, not because of the research intervention
- studying efficiency in a manufacturing company, participants aware of the study - both methods has a same high level of efficacy
- external validity

26
Q

measurement effects

A

the administration of a pretest in a study impacts the generalizability of the results/findings
- external validity