Sample prep Flashcards
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
HEMOLYSIS
- Hemoglobin concentration:
Interferes with: - enzyme and electrolyte assays
- albumin (increased)
- protein (increased)
- bilirubin (decreased)
- exceeds 200 mg/L
Interferes with: - K+, Zinc and Mg+2
- Bromcresol Green method
- Biuret method
- Diazo method
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
ANTICOAGULANTS & PRESERVATIVES
- dilution of plasma owing to water transport from the cells
- anticoagulants that chelate ____ will inhibit various plasma enzyme activities
- oxalates or citrates inhibit
- oxalates inhibit _____ & _____
- ___,___,___ will cause decrease in calcium conc
- POTASSIUM OXALATE
- CALCIUM
- AMYLASE ACTIVITY
- Lactate dehydrogenase and Acid phosphatase
- EDTA, oxalates and citrates
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
ICTERIC SERUM / JAUNDICED SERUM
- Albumin assay:
- Cholesterol assay:
- Glucose determination:
- Total Protein determination:
- HABA method
- Ferric chloride reagents
- ortho-toluidine method
- Biuret method
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
LACTESCENT SERUM / MILKY SERUM / TURBID SERUM
- Albumin assay:
- Calcium:
- Inorganic phosphates:
- __, ____ and ____ levels decrease
- Inhibits the activity of ____, ____ and _____
- Bromcresol Green method
- Cresolphthalein method
- Ammonium molybdate
- CK, bilirubin and total protein
- amylase, uricase and urease
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
PARTIALLY-FILLED TUBES
- most important for what studies
Coagulation studies
SPECIMEN INTERFERENCES
SPECIMEN CONTAMINATION
- _____ is important for blood cultures
- Iodine increases ____ & _____
- Aseptic techniques
- Potassium and uric acid
SOURCES OF VARIATIONS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION & PROCESSING
EXERCISE
1. transient effects: increase conc of ____
2. longer-lasting: increase in activities of muscle enzymes = ___, ___, ___, ____
3. long term:
- in 6month, increase in testosterone conc by ____%
- in 6month, increase in androstenedione conc by ____%
- Free fatty acids
- Creatine kinase, aldolase,
AST, and Lactate dehydrogenase - 21%
- 25%
SOURCES OF VARIATIONS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION & PROCESSING
PROLONGED FASTING
1. ____hr fasting is a must
- for what test
DIET
1. increase in plasma conc of ____ & _____
TOBACCO SMOKING
1. Up to __% increase in carboxyhemoglobin
PROLONGED FASTING
1. 8-12hr
- General Normal Fasting
DIET
1. potassium and triglycerides
TOBACCO SMOKING
1. 80%
SOURCES OF VARIATIONS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION & PROCESSING
ETHANOL INGESTION
1. increase in plasma conc of ___,___, and metabolites of ethanol like ___ & ____
OTHER FACTORS
1. incorrect tourniquet, fist exercise cause increase in conc of ___,____,____,____
ETHANOL INGESTION
1. lactate, urate and the metabolites of ethanol namely acetaldehyde and acetate
OTHER FACTORS
1. lactate, enzymes, proteins, protein-bound substances
SOURCES OF VARIATIONS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION & PROCESSING
DIURNAL VARIATION:
1. Lower at night (4)
2. Higher in afternoon & evening (2)
3. peaks early to late morning & decreases during the day
SKIN COLOR:
1. Blacks have increased ____,____,___
DIURNAL VARIATION:
1. ACTH, Renin, Aldosterone, Insulin
2. GH, ACP
3. Iron
SKIN COLOR:
1. CK, aldolase, and LDH
SOURCES OF VARIATIONS IN SPECIMEN COLLECTION & PROCESSING
SHOCK and TRAUMA:
1. Increased (5)
2. Stress affects _____ hormone secretion
3. Anxiety due to hyperventilation increases _____ & ______
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
1. increases 8
SHOCK and TRAUMA:
1. cortisol, aldosterone, catecholamine, glucagon and insulin
2. adrenal hormone secretion
3. serum lactate concentration&
non-esterified fatty acids
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
1. cholesterol, protein, albumin, fibrinogen, Mg, Cl-, Na+, and PO4
