FEP + AAS + FLUORO +

Question 1

________: involves the measurement of emitted light when electrons in an atom become excited by heat
energy produced by the flame. When these electrons return to their ground state, they emit light
characteristic of the ions present.

1. used primarily to determine conc of ___,_____, or ____ since these alkali metals are easy to excite
2. colors:
   - sodium
   - potassium
   - lithium
   - rubidium
   - magnesium
3. Internal Standard in Flame Photometry Uses _____ or ____

______: the element is not excited in the flame but merely dissociated from its chemical bond and placed in an unexcited state
1. measures amount of light absorbed by _____

_____: energy emission that occurs when certain compounds absorb electromagnetic radiation, become excited and then return to an energy level that is usually slightly higher than their original level.

Answer 1

FLAME PHOTOMETRY/ FILTER PHOTOMETRY/ FLAME EMISSION

1. sodium, potassium or lithium
2. colors:
   - YELLOW
   - VIOLET
   - RED
   - RED
   - BLUE
3. Lithium or Cesium

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
1. Ground state atom

FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Question 2

COMPONENTS of FLAME PHOTOMETER (4)

COMPONENTS of AAS (6)

Answer 2

COMPONENTS of FLAME PHOTOMETER (4)
- Gas
- Burner Assembly
- Interference filters (monochromator)
- Detector
COMPONENTS of AAS (6)
- light source
- Mechanical rotating chopper
- Burner
- Monochromator
- Detector
- Read out device (meter)

Question 3

COMPONENTS OF AAS

1. uses ____ as light source which produces a wavelength of light specific for the kind of metal in the cathode
2. modulates light beam coming from the hollow cathode lamp
3. Types of Burner
   - gases are mixed and the sample is atomized before entering the flame and the large droplets go to waste and not in the flame; less noisy
   - flame is more concentrated and can be made hotter, thus lessening
   chemical interference
4. uses _____ as monochromator
5. uses ____ as detector

Answer 3

1. Hollow Cathode
2. Mechanical Rotating Chopper
3. Types of Burner
   - premix burner
   - total consumption burner
4. prism or diffraction gratings
5. photomultiplier

Question 4

COMPONENTS OF FLAME PHOTOMETER

1. GASES are mixture of ____ & _____
2. BURNER assembly:
   - draws sample into the flame
   - creates a fine spray of sample solution to be fed into the flame of the burner
   - provides heat energy for excitation
3. types of burner
   - aspirate sample directly into the flame, gases are passed at
   high velocity over the end of the capillary suspended in the soln
   - gravitational feeding of solution thru a restricting capillary into
   an area of high velocity gas flow where small droplets are produced and passed into the flame
4. uses ______ as monochromator:
   - Na filter
   - K filter
   - Lithium filter
5. uses ____ as detector

Answer 4

1. Oxygen + Hydrogen
2. BURNER assembly:
   - Aspirator
   - Atomizer (Nebulizer )
   - Flame
3. types of burner
   - Total Consumption Burner
   - Premix Burner
4. Interference filters
   - yellow light (589)
   - violet light (767)
   - red light (761)
5. Photocell

Question 5

FEP vs AAS
1. energy measured
- FEP
- AAS
2. basis of measurement
- FEP
- AAS
3. sensitivity & specificity
- FEP
- AAS

Answer 5

1. energy measured
   - thermal
   - radiant
2. basis of measurement
   - light emission
   - light absorbance
3. sensitivity & specificity
   - lesser
   - greater

Question 6

COMPONENTS OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETERS

1. light source (2)
2. monochromators
   - isolate uv light
   - isolates secondary (filter,prism,diffraction)
3. Detector

Answer 6

1. light hydrogen discharge lamp or xenon lamp
   2.
   - Primary filter/ Excitation filter
   - Secondary filter/ Emission filter
2. Photomultiplier

Question 7

Others:

1. separation of a substance in a pure form and then determining its dry weight
   - example
2. unknown sample is made to react with a known soln (titrating agent) in the presence of an indicator
   - aka
   - example
3. measurement of the amount of light blocked by a particulate matter suspended in soln
   - ____° to the incident beam
4. detection of light energy scattered or reflected toward detector that is not in the direct path of transmitted light
   - ____° to the incident beam
   - more specific than ____ but have same factors

Answer 7

1. GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
   - Total Lipid determination
2. VOLUMETRIC
   - TITRIMETRIC
   - Chloride determination
3. TURBIDIMETRY
   - 180
4. NEPHELOMETRY
   - 90
   - TURBIDIMETRY

Question 8

______: used to measure the disintegration of a radioisotope per minute

types of radiation
1. positively charged particles; resemble the nucleus of helium atom with a mass of 4
2. resembles an electron with both negative (β-) and positive (β+) charges but essentially no mass
3. form of electromagnetic energy with no mass, only energy

types of scintillation counters
1. measures gamma radiation
- uses ___ as scintillator
- uses ____ as detector w/ preamplifier circuit
2. measures beta radiation
- uses ____ as scintillator

Answer 8

SCINTILLATION COUNTER

types of radiation
1. ALPHA
2. BETA
3. GAMMA

types of scintillation counters
1. Solid Scintillation Counter
- thallium activated NaI crystal
- photomultiplier
2. Liquid Scintillation Counter
- liquid flour

Question 9

_______: an immunologic procedure involving the use of radioisotope

substances involved
1. substance being analyzed
2. acts as label
3. provide binding site for the two antigens

types
1.
2.

Answer 9

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

substances involved
1. Unlabelled antigen
2. Radiolabelled antigen
3. Antibody

types
1. Solid RIA
2. Liquid RIA