Phlebotomy

Question 1

MICROSAMPLING

INFANTS up to 1 year of age
1. ______ of big toe
2. ______ of heel
3. depth of puncture

ADULTS
1. ____ finger
2. ____ of earlobe
3. depth of puncture

Answer 1

INFANTS up to 1 year of age
1. Plantar surface of the big toe
2. Median or lateral side of the heel
3. 2.4mm

ADULTS
1. Middle or ring finger
2. Margin of the earlobe
3. 3.1mm

Question 2

VENIPUNCTURE

-
-
18 months to 3 years:
-
-
-
3 years to adulthood:
-
-
-

Answer 2

Infants up to 18 months: EST
External jugular vein
Superior longitudinal sinus
Temporal vein

18 months to 3 years: PFLA
Popliteal vein
Femoral vein
Long saphenous vein
Ankle vein

3 years to adulthood: VWV
Veins on the antecubital fossa
Wrist vein
Veins on the dorsal of hands & feet

Question 3

SAMPLE PREP

1. liquid portion of clotted blood
2. liquid portion of anti-coagulated blood
3. preparation involves the removal of proteins from any biological
   specimen
   - to prevent direct colorimetric interference by the formation of ______
   - proteins exhibit maximum _____ & minimum ______

Answer 3

1. SERUM
2. PLASMA
3. PROTEIN-FREE FILTRATE
   - zwitterions
   - maximum precipitation and minimum solubility

Question 4

METHODS of PFF PREPARATION:

Physical Methods:
1.
2.

Chemical Methods: Acid
1. Folin-Wu
- specimen
- components
2. Hayden’s method
- specimen
- components
3. makes use of a pre-mixed acid
4. TCA percentage

Chemical Methods: Base
1. _______
- components

Answer 4

Physical Methods:
1. Heat
2. Ultracentrifuge

Chemical Methods: Acid
1. Folin-Wu
- whole blood; plasma/serum
- 2/3 N Sulfuric acid + 10% sodium tungstate
2. Hayden’s method
- serum
- N/12 Sulfuric acid + 10% sodium tungstate
3. Van Slyke
4. TCA 5%

Chemical Methods: Base
1. Nelson-Somogyi
- 0.3N barium hydroxide & 5% zinc sulfate

Question 5

REMINDERS:

1. Serum or plasma should be separated from cells within_____ of collection (unless collected in a
   gel separator tube).
2. rate of glycolysis:
   - At ref temperature –
   - At room temperature –
3. Allow red top tubes to clot sufficiently (_____ minutes) before centrifugation
   - to avoid ______
4. Centrifuge 10 ± 5 minutes at _____
5. ______ specimens can be ultracentrifuged

Answer 5

1. 2hrs
2. rate of glycolysis:
   - 2mg/dL
   - 7mg/dL
3. 20-30mins
   - fibrin strands
4. 1000-1200xg
5. Lipemic

Question 6

SPECIMEN HANDLING REQUIREMENTS

FASTING
1. Glucose determination
2. Lipid profile

TIMED
1. tests for _____

Answer 6

FASTING
1. 6 – 8 hours fasting
2. 10 – 12 hours fasting

TIMED
1. Cardiac profile

Question 7

SPECIMEN HANDLING REQUIREMENTS

PEAK / Post-dose
1. specimen collected when _____ serum conc is anticipated
2. drawn ____ after administration of drug

TROUGH / Pre-dose
1. specimen collected when _____ serum conc is anticipated

Answer 7

PEAK / Post-dose
1. HIGHEST
2. 30mins - 1hr

TROUGH / Pre-dose
1. LOWEST

Question 8

SPECIMEN HANDLING REQUIREMENTS

KEEP WARM
1. Keep specimen at body temp or close to ____
2. for _____

CHILLED
1. tests that need to be chilled (3)

Answer 8

KEEP WARM
1. 37C
2. cold agglutins

CHILLED
1.
- Blood ammonia determination
- blood gas analysis
- Coagulation studies

Question 9

SPECIMEN HANDLING REQUIREMENTS

PROTECT FROM LIGHT
1. Specimen should be wrapped in ____ or ___^^^
2. for what tests (3)

CHAIN OF CUSTODY
1. for what tests (3)

Answer 9

PROTECT FROM LIGHT
1. aluminum foil or a light-inhibiting container
2. Bilirubin, Vit. B12, Carotene

CHAIN OF CUSTODY
1. DNA Analysis, Drug testing, Alcohol levels