1

Question 1

1. seeks to understand the physiologic and biochemical processes occurring in
   normal and abnormal states
2. analyses performed on body fluids or tissues to provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of disease

Answer 1

1. Fundamental Science
2. Applied Science

Question 2

LABORATORY REAGENTS: Chemicals

1. of high purity and suitable for most analytical lab procedures
   - meet specifications set by the _______
   - includes (3)
2. used to manufacture drugs but not for lab
3. less pure grade; chemical prep are not uniform
   - aka
4. lowest quality and should not be used for analytical work

Answer 2

1. Analytical Grade
   - American Chemical Society
   - al laboratory procedures
   - Includes
2. United States Pharmacopeia (USP) & National Formulary (NF)
3. Chemically pure
   - Pure Grade Chemicals
4. Technical/ Commercial grade

Question 3

LABORATORY REAGENTS: Standards

1. highly purified chemicals that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known
   concentration
   - used for standardization of solutions of ____ strength
   - stable and can be dried, preferably at ____˚C, without a change in composition;
   - not _____
2. used as primary standard materials in the
   clinical laboratory
   - certified by ____
   - NIST
   - IRMM
3. of lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard

Answer 3

1. PRIMARY STNDARD
   - UNKNOWN STRENGTH
   - 104-110C
   - HYGROSCOPIC
2. STANDARD REFERENCE MATERILS
   - NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
   - National Institute of Standards and Technology
   - Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
3. SECONDARY STANDARD

Question 4

GRADES OF WATER

1. used in test methods requiring minimum interference and maximum precision and accuracy; tissue or cell culture
   - analysis of electrolytes
2. acceptable for most analytic procedures; hema cc immuno
3. urinalysis, parasitology, histology acceptable for washing glasswares

Answer 4

1. Type I
   - ultramicro analysis
2. Type II
3. Type III

Question 5

PREPARATION OF REAGENT GRADE WATER

____: purified to remove almost all organic materials

1. Water is boiled and vaporized; Each distillation cycle removes impurities
2. Removes 98% of particulate matter
   - ____: removes organic materials and chlorine
   - ______ & _____: remove particulate matters, microorganisms, pyrogens & endotoxins
3. Uses pressure to force water thru
   semipermeable membrane
4. ____: some or all ions removed
   - produced using either ___ or ____ _____

Answer 5

Distilled water

1. Distillation
2. Filtration
   - activated carbon
   - Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration
3. Reverse Osmosis
4. Deionization
   - anion or cation exchange resin

Question 6

FACTORS DETERMINING THERMAL DURABILITY:
1. temperature resulting to deformation due to heat stress
2. °T at w/c glass is heated in order to prevent brittleness
3. dimension change w/ °T (ideally, it should be low)

Answer 6

1. Strain point
2. Annealing point
3. Coefficient of Expansion

Question 7

PROPERTIES OF GLASS:
1. dependent on silicate anion content (greater amount – more durable)
2. dependent on boron oxide, nickel & ferric ion content
3. dependent on ferric ion content

Answer 7

1. Breakability
2. Thermal Durability
3. Transparency

Question 8

HIGH THERMAL RESISTANCE

1. With high degree of thermal resistance ( ___C)
2. Strengthened chemically rather than thermally;
   - ___x stronger than borosilicate glass but less thermally resistant
   - resists some clouding and scratching

Answer 8

1. Borosilicate w/ Low Alkaline content (510C)
2. Alumina-silicate glasswares
   - 6x
   - Alkali resistant

Question 9

ALUMINA-SILICATE GLASSWARES

1. with good thermal endurance (____C)
   - __% silica
2. with poor heat resistance but has high resistance to alkali
   - aka
3. thermally resistant and with a red or amber color
4. cheapest and with poor resistance to high temperatures
   - ___ glass composed of oxides of ___, ____, ____
5. ___ tolerances according to NIST: high ____ or ______ glass

Answer 9

1. High Silica Glasswares
   - 96% silica
2. Boron-free glass
   - Soft glasswares
3. Low-Actinic glass
4. Flint glass
   - soda lime glass: Silicon, Calcium, Sodium
5. Class A: high thermal borosilicate or aluminosilicate glass

Question 10

SPECIAL GLASSWARES
1. has metallic oxides, for filters and light bulbs
2. has a thin metallic oxide permanently fire bonded to its structure
3. made of soda lime, lead and borosilicate
4. with high thermal resistance chemical stability and corrosion resistance
5. made of soda lime and lead

Answer 10

1. Colored and Opal glassses
2. Coated glass
3. Optical glass
4. Glass ceramics
5. Radiation-Absorbing Glass