Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small - final mcq > SAM4 MT 1 > Flashcards

SAM4 MT 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
If a cat has enlarged kidneys, which diagnosis is NOT probable?
PKD (polycystic kidney disease)
Hydronephrosis
Lymphoma of the kidneys 
renal fibrosis
A

renal fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Renal amyloidosis is typically NOT caused by?
chronic inflammatory process
neoplastic process
chronic liver disease 
genetic (familiar) causes
A

chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
This antibiotic is NOT excreted with the urine thus is NOT a proper treatment for urinary tract infections
amoxicillin 
cephalosporins 
rifampicin 
trimetoprim-sulfonamid
A

rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
It is typically causes “acute on chronic” kidney disease: pre-existing chronic kidney disease, plus:
polypoid cystitis 
hemodynamic disturbance 
hyperthyroidism 
hepatopathy
A

hemodynamic disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The following is NOT true about polycystic kidney disease:
is often asymptomatic
renal abscesses may develop in case of bacterial infection of the cysts
ultrasound examination is required to make a diagnosis
treatment is often surgical

A

The following is NOT true about polycystic kidney disease:
is often asymptomatic
renal abscesses may develop in case of bacterial infection of the cysts
ultrasound examination is required to make a diagnosis
treatment is often surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Renal amyloidosis typically found in…. which cat breed?
persian 
siamese 
abyssinian 
bengal
A

abyssinian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a dog is azotaemic, then… choose the right answer!
… the ammonia level is increased in its blood
… 50% of its nephrons have been destroyed in their kidneys
… it may have been dehydrated
… it has urethral obstruction

A

… the ammonia level is increased in its blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Renal amyloidosis typically found in… which dog breed? 
Basenji
Shar-pei
Hungarian Viszla
Poodle
A

Shar-pei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
The most common lower urinary tract disease of cats
prostate diseases
idiopathic cystitis 
urolithiasis 
bacterial cystitis
A

idiopathic cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is NOT true for nephrosis syndrome?
subcutaneous edema is a typical finding
it caused by glomerulonephropathies
hypotension is a typical finding
there is a high risk of thrombosis

A

hypotension is a typical finding ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
It prolongs the survival of dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease:
increased phosphorous intake 
medical reduction of proteinuria 
“urinary” diet 
A, B and C are all true
A

“urinary” diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Which is NOT a contributing factor concerning lower urinary tract infections?
incontinence 
corticosteroid therapy 
feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC)
Fanconi syndrome
A

incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
The most common lower urinary tract disease of cats?
Prostate diseases
idopathic diseases 
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
A

idopathic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
The second most common lower urinary tract disease of dog?
Prostate diseases
Sterile cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
A

Urolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
The second most common lower urinary tract disease of cat?
Prostate diseases
Sterile cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
A

Urolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis in dogs in case of haematuria?
urolithiasis
Benign prostate gland hypertrophy
bacterial cystitis
neoplasia
A

neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis in cats in case of haematuria?
FIC
Urolithiasis
Neoplasia
Bacterial cystitis
A

Urolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which statement is true about the progression of CKD?
hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons
Renal fibrosis is primary caused by the excessive production of parathormone
The progression of CKD is generally reversible with specific therapy
the loss of functional nephrons lead to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate

A

Renal fibrosis is primary caused by the excessive production of parathormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
The most effective gastric protectant for dogs with chronic kidney disease is
Pantoprazole
Famotidine
Sucralfate 
Benazepril
A

Pantoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
The most common antihypertensive drug in dogs and cats:
Telmisartan
Benazepril
Amlodipin
Pantoprazole
A

Amlodipin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
What is NOT true about renal glycosuria?
It is caused by glomerular diseases
Plasma glucose levels are normal
Can have genetic causes
may be a part of Fanconi syndrome
A

It is caused by glomerular diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
The most important aspect of struvite urolithiasis treatment in dogs
Diet
antibiotics
urine acidification
all three above
A

all three above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Choose the correct answer! High-dose maintenance fluid therapy (>100 ml/kg/day) for acute kidney injury
it increases diuresis, thus “flushes” the kidney faster
may cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow
Ensures adequate daily fluid intake in anorexic animals
In anuria, it ensures that renal function and urine production are restored quickly

A

may cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Fanconi syndrome is NOT characterized by:
Proximal tubular acidosis
Central diabetes insipidus
aminoaciduria
Glycosuria
A

Central diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
Which of the following breeds is usually not affected by ectopic ureter? 
Labrador 
Husky 
German Shepherd 
West Highland White Terrier
A

German Shepherd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which statement is correct? In case of renal traumatic bleeding …
in the abdominocentesis is always positive (blood)
the plain abdominography is usually pathognomic
retroperitoneal radiography blood loss may even lead to exsanguination
retroperitoneal blood loss may occur but usually does not lead to life threatening circulatory changes

A

retroperitoneal radiography blood loss may even lead to exsanguination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following protocols is to be followed in case of acute obstruction form of Feline Lower Urinary Tract disease?
Stabilisation perineal urethrostomy
Stabilisation cystocentesis
Stabilisation urinary bladder expression
Stabilisation urethral catheterisation

A

Stabilisation urethral catheterisation ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following suture patterns is not recommended for cystotomy wound closure?
Double layer continuous Lembert
Double layer (penetrating Lembert) suture
Single layer seromuscular continuous suture
Double layer interrupted Lembert

A

Double layer (penetrating Lembert) suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which of the following protocols is to be followed in case of acute obstruction form of Feline Lower Urinary Tract disease?
Stabilisation perineal urethrostomy
Stabilisation cystocentesis
Stabilisation urinary bladder expression
Stabilisation urethral catheterisation

A

Stabilisation urethral catheterisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following conditions does not cause hydronephrosis?
Ureteral stricture associated with previous surgery
Ureteral torsion
Ureteral tumor
Ureterolithiasis

A

Ureteral torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which statement is incorrect concerning prostate ultrasonography?
It can detect fluid accumulation within the organ
It can detect parenchymal hypertrophy
It can differentiate cyst from abscess
It provides possibility of core biopsy

A

It can differentiate cyst from abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q 
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding nephrolithiasis? 
It can occur bilaterally 
It can lead to ureterolithiasis 
It can be caused by congenital disorder 
Dalmatians always form urate uroliths
A

Dalmatians always form urate uroliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which statement is correct regarding ectopic ureter?
It may cause dysuria
In acquired form, the incontinence is recurring
The urinary incontinence might be combined with normal micturition episodes
The urinary incontinence is always constant

A

The urinary incontinence might be combined with normal micturition episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis: which answer is wrong?
ACE inhibitors, omega-3 fatty acids
Puncture and flushing of the renal pelvis
Systemic antibiotics
Fluid therapy

A

ACE inhibitors, omega-3 fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q 
Monitoring blood pressure is particularly important
In young animals
In Feline idiopathic Cystitis
In Kidney disease
In case of heart failure
A

In Kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which is the least important to establish the diagnosis of kidney disease
Blood urea and creatinine measurement
Measurement of blood phosphorus, calcium and potassium levels
Urine Sediment evaluation and urine specific gravity
Detection of proteinura?

A

Detection of proteinura?

37
Q 
In case of elevated of blood creatinine concentration
..the animal is uremic
.. the animal has kidney disease
.. the animal has azotaemia
.. the animal was fed too much protein ?
A

.. the animal was fed too much protein ?

38
Q

Which statement is TRUE? In case of pyelonephritis
The bacteria usually reach the renal pelvis the systemic circulation
We can get a sample for diagnostic tests by aspiration the renal pelvis
On ultrasound examination we find shrunken kidenys
Usually the urinary sediment is unchanged becuse the inflammation is limited to the renal pelvis.

A

We can get a sample for diagnostic tests by aspiration the renal pelvis

39
Q

Causes of hypertension in kidney patients. Which answer is not correct?
Prolonged activation of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system
Sodium retention
Dehydration
Systemic vasoconstriction

A

Dehydration?

40
Q

Which statement is wrong? in acute kidney failure, mannitol infusion..
Should only be given to a previously rehydrated patient
Can be repeated up to 5 times in case of anuria
Can be repeated many times if diuresis is present
Is recommended in oliguric renal failure

A

Can be repeated up to 5 times in case of anuria

41
Q

True about urohydropropulsion
This technique requires good surgical skills
No sedation is required when using this technique
When applying this technique the renal pelvis is connected to the urinary bladder with a special shunt
This technique may be suitable for removing small stones from the urinary bladder.

A

This technique may be suitable for removing small stones from the urinary bladder.

42
Q 
IRIS stage- I chronic renal failure is associated with…
Azotaemia 
Anaemia, metabolic acidosis 
Uremia 
Decreased specific gravity of urine
A

Decreased specific gravity of urine

43
Q 
Abnormalities that are typical for chronic renal disease. Which answer is wrong?
Hypertension
PU/PD
Hypophosphataemia 
Hypokalaemia
A

Hypophosphataemia

44
Q

Postrenal azotaemia.. which is the wrong answer?
May be due to urethral obstruction
may cause kidney damage without treatment
may be due to severe dehydration
may be due to ureter rupture

A

may be due to severe dehydration

45
Q 
Which one of the following is not typical in case of acute kidney injury? 
Cachexia 
Vomitus 
Metabolic acidosis 
Uraemic ulcers
A

Uraemic ulcers

46
Q

hich is the least important to establish the diagnosis of kidney disease?
Blood urea and creatinine measurement
Measurement of blood phosphorus, calcium and potassium levels
Urine sediment evaluation and urine specific gravity measurement
Detection of proteinuria

A

Measurement of blood phosphorus, calcium and potassium levels

47
Q 
Renal cysts…
Are always congenital 
are always bilateral 
Are mainly incidental findings 
generally cause renal failure
A

Are mainly incidental findings

48
Q

What is the most common cause of struvite urolithiasis in dogs?
Neutering in bitches
Chronic bacterial urinary tract infection
Dietary anomaly
Inadequate response to stressors

A

Chronic bacterial urinary tract infection

49
Q 
Which therapy is not recommended for the treatment of dehydration in chronic kidney disease? 
Administration of intravenous infusion
Administration of subcutaneous infusion
Increase of water consumption 
Dialysis treatment
A

Dialysis treatment

50
Q

How would you treat a cat diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (FIC)?
Antibiotics
Urine acidifying diet
Catheterization, flushing the bladder with isotonic saline
Increase water intake

A

Catheterization, flushing the bladder with isotonic saline

51
Q

Possible cause of hydroneprhosis: Which statement is wrong?
Ureter stone
Granuloma formation following neutralization
Ascending infection
Transitional cell carcinoma in the bladder

A

Ascending infection

52
Q

Until what level is it recommended to increase the hematocrit (ht) with erythropoietin/darbapoetin therapy in chronic kidney disease?
Until Ht is 22-25%
Until Ht is around 30%
To normal range
The sucess of the treatment does not depend on the Ht value

A

Until Ht is around 30%

53
Q

What is recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney disease?
if cyanosis is already occurring due to hypoxia
When the hematocrit level drops to 18-20%
Only when clinical signs of hypoxia are already present, not earlier
If the systolic blood pressure is >180mmHg

A

When the hematocrit level drops to 18-20%

54
Q

Oliguria in the dog/etiology
Chronic renal disease, nephrosis/nephritis, pyometra
Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis
Dehydration, renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease
Endocrine disorders, hepatopathies

A

Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis

55
Q

You can diagnose pyelonephritis by.. Which answer is wrong?
Hemoculture in case of azotaemia
The histological examination of renal biopsy specimen
Visualizing pelvis dilation with imaging methods and performing urine culture
the microbiological examination of a renal pelvis punctuate

A

The histological examination of renal biopsy specimen

56
Q 
Which of the following therapeutic steps is to be taken first after diagnosing urethral obturation in male dog? 
Urethrohydropropulsio 
Prescrotal urethrostomy 
Scrotal urethrostomy 
Perineal urethrostomy
A

Urethrohydropropulsio

57
Q

What is the advantage of scrotal urethrostomy?
Castration can prevent urinary incontinence
The perineal urethrostomy can be avoided
Easily dissectable urethral section, wider and safer stoma
The cystotomy can be avoided

A

Easily dissectable urethral section, wider and safer stoma

58
Q

Which of the following findings indicate the diagnosis of bladder rupture?
If the cystourethral catheterization cannot harvest urine in a traumatised patient
If the urine is bloody obtained via cystourethral catheterisation in a traumatised patient
If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive anterograde cystography
If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive retrograde cystography

A

If the contrast leakage is confirmed by positive retrograde cystography

59
Q 
Which of the followings is the most informative one for diagnosing ectopic ureter? 
Cystoscopy 
Double contrast cystography 
Intravenous urography pneumocystography 
Urinary scintigraphy (TcO4)
A

ntravenous urography pneumocystography

60
Q 
Which of the following tools/findings is of lowest diagnostic value in the diagnosis of urinary bladder tumors? 
Double contrast cystography 
Ultrasonography 
Urine sediment analysis/cytology 
Therapy-irresponsive hematuria
A

Therapy-irresponsive hematuria

61
Q

Which statement is FALSE?
In glomerular proteinuria, large proteins are excreted in the urine
In tubular proteinuria, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) is very high
Borderline proteinuria means UPC is between 0.2 and 0.4/0.5 (cats/dogs)

A

In tubular proteinuria, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) is very high

62
Q

Choose the correct answer! High-dose maintenance fluid theraåy (> 100 ml/kg/day) for acute kidney injury:
It increases diuresis, thus “flushes” the kidneys faster
May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow
Ensures adequate daily fluid intake in anorexic animals
In anuria, it ensures that renal function and urine production are restored quickly

A

May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow

63
Q 
Most effective gastric protectant for dogs with chronic kidney disease is: 
Pantoprazole 
Famotidine 
Sucralfate 
Benazepril
A

Pantoprazole

64
Q 
Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis in dogs in case of hematuria? 
Urolithiasis 
Benign prostate hypertrophy 
Bacterial cystitis 
Neoplasma
A

Bacterial cystitis

65
Q 
Renal cysts … 
Are always congenital 
Are always bilateral 
Are mainly incidental findings 
Generally cause renal failure
A

Are mainly incidental findings

66
Q 
NOT a typical laboratory alteration in CKD: 
Hypokalemia 
Anemia 
Hyperphosphatemia 
Metabolic alkalosis
A

Metabolic alkalosis

67
Q 
IRIS stage-1 chronic renal failure is associated with … 
azotemia 
Anemia, metabolic acidosis
Uremia
Decreased USG
A

Anemia, metabolic acidosis

68
Q

Which statement is TRUE about immune-complex glomerulonephritis?
diagnosis can be made based on the typical ultrasound image of kidneys
urine protein/creatinine ratio is typically high
an important element of therapy is broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
serum albumin level is increased

A

urine protein/creatinine ratio is typically high

69
Q

IRIS classification of CKD. Which answer is wrong?
there are 4 stages determined by the serum creatinine level
in stage 1 the creatinine level is only mildly elevated
therese are substages based on the presence of proteinuria
there are substages based on the degree of hypertension

A

in stage 1 the creatinine level is only mildly elevated

70
Q 
This feline lower urinary tract disease can be accompanied by crystalluria:
idiopathic cystitis 
urolithiasis 
bacterial cystitis 
all three
A

idiopathic cystitis

71
Q

What is NOT true for feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)?
antibiotics are useless
affected cats mostly fed by dry food
effected cats are mostly outdoor animals
affected cats are mostly neutered animals

A

effected cats are mostly outdoor animals

72
Q

Which circumstances may cause nephrosis/acute kidney injury? Which answer is wrong?
hypotension, dehydration
overhydration with crystalloid infusions
hypothermia, NSAID therapy
antibiotics, chemotherapy

A

overhydration with crystalloid infusions

73
Q 
The application of this drug is NOT recommended to improve the appetite of cats with chronic kidney disease?
mirtazapine 
vitamin B preparations 
maropitant 
pantoprazole
A

pantoprazole

74
Q

To determine the urine concentrating ability of the kidneys we use:
determination of blood urea level
determination of urinary total protein/creatinine ratio (UPC)
determination of urine specific gravity with a refractometer
determination of blood creatinine and SDMA levels

A

determination of urinary total protein/creatinine ratio (UPC)

75
Q 
Ectopic ureters.. which answer is wrong?
are usually causing constant urine dripping 
are occuring only in females 
can be diagnosed by x-ray or CT-exam 
can be diagnosed with cystoscopy
A

are occuring only in females

76
Q 
Which urinary stone type can not be dissolved medically?
struvite 
cystine 
purine 
calcium-oxalate
A

calcium-oxalate

77
Q

Which is NOT an indications for dialysis treatment
anuric acute kidney injury
polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid therapy
chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis
removal of toxins in case of acute toxicosis

A

chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis

78
Q 
The creatinine level of dogs and cats with IRIS stage 1 chronic kidney disease is; 
Normal
>240 umol/l
>340 umol/l
>440 umol/
A

Normal

79
Q

Oliguria in the dog/etiology?
Chronic renal disease, nephrosis/nephritis, pyometra
Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis
Dehydration, renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease
Endocrine disorders, hepatopathies

A

Inadequate water intake, dehydration, acute nephrosis

80
Q 
Which of the following procedures is not recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts?
Marsupialisation
Omentalisation
Drainage
Puncture
A

Puncture

81
Q 
In dogs, which type of urolithiasis can be affected by housing conditions, lifestyle and body condition?
Struvite 
Calcium oxalate 
Purine 
Cystine
A

Calcium oxalate

82
Q 
In dogs, which type of urolithiasis can be affected by housing conditions, lifestyle and body condition?
Struvite 
Calcium oxalate 
Purine 
Cystine
A

Calcium oxalate

83
Q 
Which of the following uroliths is surely radiodense? 
Struvite 
Calcium-oxalate 
Ammonium-urate 
Cystine
A

Calcium-oxalate

84
Q 
Symptoms of lower urinary tract disease in small animals? Which answer is wrong?
Hematuria, pollakiuria
stranguria, dysuria
polyuria, azotaemia 
Periuria, incontience
A

polyuria, azotaemia ?

85
Q 
What is the cause of purine urolithiasis? 
Hyperuricosuria 
Portosystemic shunt 
Chronic liver disease 
All of them above
A

Portosystemic shunt

86
Q

Polydipsia/definition/dog and cat
Dog and cat: water intake more than 50 ml/bwkg/day
Dog: water intake more than 80-100 ml/bwkg/day, cat: water intake more than 50/mlbwkg/day
Dog and cat: water intake more than 100 ml/bwkg/day
Dog: water intake more than 50 ml/bwkg/, Cat: water intake more than 100 ml/bwkg/day

A

Dog: water intake more than 80-100 ml/bwkg/day, cat: water intake more than 50/mlbwkg/day

87
Q 
Renal proteinuria can be decreased by: 
Renal diet
Antihypertensive drugs 
ACE-inhibitors 
A, B and C are true
A

Renal diet

88
Q 
Typical symptoms of renal tubular acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Incontinence
Polyuria, polydipsia
Bone development disorders
A

Metabolic acidosis

89
Q

Which is the least important to establish the diagnosis of kidney disease?
blood urea and creatinine measurement
measurement of blood phosphorus, calcium, and potassium levels
urine sediment evaluation and urine specific gravity measurement
detection of proteinuria

A

measurement of blood phosphorus, calcium, and potassium levels (?)

Small - final mcq (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions