Salmonella - Exam 2

Question 1

Salmonella is a gram ______ bacteria.

Answer 1

Negative

Question 2

True/False. Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What virulence mechanism enables gram-negative pathogens to inject bacterial effector proteins directly inot the host cell cytoplasm, bypassing the extracellular environment?

Answer 3

Type III secretion system (T3SSs)

Question 4

What is pyroptosis?

Answer 4

Programmed cell death occuring during Salmonella infection associated with response to pahtogen and inflammation

Question 5

What does it mean to be a convalescent carrier of Salmonella?

Answer 5

All serotypes in all hosts

Question 6

What does it mean to be a chronic carrier of Salmonella?

Answer 6

Host adapted serotypes in reservoir host

Question 7

What is the pathology of Salmonella that leds to diarrhea?

Answer 7

Fibrinosupperative, necrotizing and hemorrhagic inflammation of the distal small and large intestine (and other organs)

Question 8

What kind of serotyping would you perform to diagnose Salmonella and what antigens would you be looking for?

Answer 8

“White scheme”

O and H antigens

Question 9

How many species of Salmonella are there?

Answer 9

Only 2!

S. enterica and S. bongori

Many different types of subspecies

Question 10

Which serotype of S. enterica ssp. enterica is present in cattle?

Answer 10

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Dublin

Question 11

Which serotype of S. enterica ssp. enterica is present in swine?

Answer 11

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Choleraesuis

Question 12

Which serotypes of S. enterica ssp. enterica is present in poultry?​

Answer 12

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Gallinarum

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Pullorum

Question 13

What are the virulence factors of Salmonella?

Answer 13

LPS, Flagella, Fimbria

Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI 1 and 2)

Question 14

What is the main mode of transmission for Salmonella?

Answer 14

Fecal-oral transmission

Question 15

What species is Salmonella a significant disease that causes explosive diarrhea and sometimes death?

Answer 15

Cattle

Increased temp, depression, off feed, diarrhea (explosive), decreased milk, increased salivation, pneumonia, polyarthritis, and death

Question 16

What cells does Salmonella survive in when in the blood?

Answer 16

Monocytes/macrophages

Question 17

What is the pathology of Salmonella that leads to septicemia?

Answer 17

Vasculitis, thromboembolism, hemorrhages, infarcts

Liver, spleen, lungs

Question 18

Which serotypes of S. enterica ssp. enterica is present in sheep/goats?

Answer 18

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Abortus-ovis

Question 19

Which species is Salmonella a significant disease that cause acut fulminating septicemia and chronic debilating enteritis?

Answer 19

Swine

Stressed animals, feeder pigs, viral co-infections

May present similary to classical swine fever

Question 20

Which species is Salmonella the most common cause of infectious diarrhea?

Answer 20

Horses

Question 21

Which serotypes of S. enterica ssp. enterica are most common in clinical diseases of horses?

Answer 21

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Typhimurium

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Agona

Question 22

True/False. Stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Salmonella in horses.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which serotypes of S. enterica ssp. enterica are most common in fecal shedding of horses?

Answer 23

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Muenchen

S. enterica ssp. enterica serotype Newport

Question 24

True/False. Antimicrobial treatment is effective for Salmonella infection.

Answer 24

False.

This is controversial. It does not appear to alter the course of colitis or decrease shedding of salmonella

Resistance patterns vary among Salmonella isolates and can change over the course of an outbreak

Question 25

Which antibiotic given in a low-dose will bind to circulating endotoxin and may be used to treat endotoxemia in horses?

Answer 25

Polymyxin B

Question 26

Which serotype of Salmonella enterica causes bacillary white diarrhea in chicks?

Answer 26

Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serotype Pullorum AKA "Pullorum disease"

Question 27

Which serotype of Salmonella enterica causes fowl typhoid?

Answer 27

Salmonella enterica spp enterica serotype Gallinarum

Question 28

How is the Salmonella that infects poultry transmitted?

Answer 28

Vertically through the ovaries to the chicks or egg or whatever

Question 29

What is a characteristic of Salmonella infection in adult birds?

Answer 29

Regressing ovarian follicles with caseous contents

Question 30

Which serotype of Salmonella that causes infections in birds has a higher morality for older birds?

Answer 30

Gallinarum

Question 31

How would you expect the spleen and liver to look in a bird infected with Fowl typhoid?

Answer 31

Mottled and brittle spleen Bronzed and enlarged liver

Question 32

What serotype of Salmonella is one of the most common serotypes reported worldwide and is in eggs?

Answer 32

Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serotype Enteritidis

Question 33

Which subspecies of Salmonella causes Avain Arizonosis? What animals species are they mainly isolated from?

Answer 33

S. enterica subsp. arizonae and diarizoniae Mainly isolated from reptiles, birds, turkeys

Question 34

What does S. enterica subsp. arizonae cause in humans?

Answer 34

Osteomyeltis ZOONOSIS! case report - the price of exotic pets