Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology (Exam 2) > Invasive Clostridia - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Invasive Clostridia - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True/False. C. perfringes is motile by petrichious flagella.

A

False.

C. perfringes is non-motile, but other clostridia are motile by petrichious flagella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the diseases caused by invasive clostridium?

A

Histotoxic (tissue) and enterotoxacemias (GI tract) diseases

C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. novyi, C. haemolyticum, C. septicum, C. chauvoei, C. sordelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which invasive clostridium is the most frequently isolated pathogenic bacterium?

A

C. perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What diseases are caused by non-invasive clostridium?

A

Neurotoxic diseases

C. botulinum and C. tetani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many toxins does C. perfringens produce? What are they?

A

5 types of toxins

Alpha toxin

Beta toxin

Epsilon toxin

Iota toxin

Perfringolysin (theta toxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of toxin is produced during sporulation for Type A C. Perfringens?

A

Produced by 10% of C. perfringens

Enterotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many types of C. perfringens are present in animal diseases?

A

5

A, B, C, D, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the reservior for C. perfringens?

A

Intestinal tract of humans and animals

Survival in soil is variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is C. perfringens generally transmitted?

A

Ingestion and wound infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of invasive clostridia is a great differential diagnosis to the following diseases:

Malginant edema

Black leg

Big head of rams

A

C. perfringens Type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which toxin is most important to a Type A C. perfringens wound infection?

A

Alpha toxin!

The capsule and perfingolysin O play a big role also

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which toxin produced by C. perfringens causes hemolysis, necrosis and lethality?

A

Alpha toxin

Produced by ALL C. Perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What conditions would you expect to see with a Type A. C. perfringens wound infection?

A

Anaerobic cellulitis and gas gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which toxin produced by C. perfringens forms pores in instestinal epithelial cells and endothelial cells?

A

Beta toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What in colostrum favors the action of the beta toxin produced by C. perfringens?

A

Protease (trypsin) inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of toxin produced by C. perfringens is necrotizing and lethal in epithelial and endothelial cells?

A

Epsilon toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the epsilon toxin of C. perfringens concentrate? What activates it?

A

Concentrates in the brain and kidney (damages microvasculature)

Activated by trypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which toxin produced by C. perfringens affects the cellular cytoskeleton and results in death of the affected cell?

A

Iota toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which toxin produced by C. perfringens causes fluid and electrolyte abnormalities?

A

Enterotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which toxin produced by C. perfringens is important for escaping the phagolysosome?

A

Perfringolysin O (theta toxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the important toxins for Type A C. perfringens enterotoxemia?

A

Alpha-toxin

Perfringlolysin O

Enterotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What disease does Type A C. perfringens entertoxemia cause?

A

Yellow lamb diseases

(outbreaks of gastritis and hemolytic diseases of ruminants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which toxin of C. perfringens is the principle factor for producing hemorrhagic enteritis in the small intestine? Which type of C. perfringens is this toxin the principle factor for?

A

Beta toxin (Dont forget: SUSCEPTIBLE TO TRYPSIN!)

Type B C. perfringens enterotoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which disease is caused by Type B C. perfringens enterotoxemia?

A

Causes lamb dysentery in newborn lambs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Who is most suscepitble to Type C C. perfringens entertoxemia? What does this type cause?
**Neonatal** calves, foals, piglets, and lambs WORLDWIDE Causes hemorrhagic enteritis
26
What is the principle virulence factor for Type C C. perfringens entertoxemia?
Beta toxin
27
Which type of entertoxemia of C. perfringens causes "struck" in older sheep?
Type C enterotoxemia Fatal toxemia-bacteremia Beta-toxin plays the main role Impression is that the animal has been struck by lightning
28
Which type of C. perfringens enterotoxemia is associated with overeating and pulp kidney diseases in older lambs?
Type D enterotoxemia
29
Which toxin is an important virulence factor for type D C. perfringens enterotoxemia?
Epsilon toxin (predilection for older animals and activated by trypsin)
30
What effects do Type D C. perfringens entertoxemia have on the CNS?
Epsilon toxin will cause encephalomalacia Head pressing is common
31
What is one of the most common food related diseases in humans?
Nonenterotoxemic diarrhea
32
What is the main cause of nonenterotoxemic diarrhea?
Interaction of enterotoxin (from C. perfringens) with epithelial cells of the small intestine following sporulation of the microorganisms in that environment
33
Why does C. perfringens mostly affect younger animals?
The infantile digestive tract lacks enzymes to inactivate toxin.
34
Where does the pathogenic strain of C. perfringens survive?
In the soil
35
What kind of hemolysis would you expect to see on a blood agar plate inoculated with C. perfringens?
Double-zone hemolysis
36
What reaction is characteristic of C. perfringens and what does it detect?
Nagler's reaction Detects lecithinase activity
37
Which invasive clostridium shows adhesion to target cells in the large intestine?
C. difficile
38
Which virulence factor of C. difficile stimulates the influx of polymorphonuclear cells? What is the result?
Enterotoxin toxin A Results in diarrhea
39
What is the reservoir for C. difficile?
Intestinal tract of normal and clinically affected animals
40
What causes the disruption of normal flora and colonization of C. difficile?
A "trigger" event Antibiotics, chemotherapy, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
41
Which antibiotic does C. difficile respond rapidly to?
Metronidazole
42
What are the conditions you would expect to see with Type A C. novyi?
Gas gangrene Big head
43
True/False. There are two main types of C. novyi which are very similar.
False. There are two main types (A and B) which differ biochemically, epidemiologically and pathogenically.
44
What is the main toxin produced by both types of C. novyi?
Alpha toxin CELL DEATH!
45
Which toxins are produced by C. novyi Type A?
Alpha toxin and novyliysin (delta toxin)
46
Which toxin is produced by C. novyi Type B?
Alpha and Beta toxin
47
Which type of C. novyi causes black diseases?
Type B Black diseases - subcutaneous venous congestion secondary to pericardial edema darkens the underside of the skin
48
True/False. Type A and B C. novyi are found in normal instestine and liver of herbivores.
True
49
How is C. novyi transmitted?
All types enter their hosts by ingestion or wound infection.
50
What is the most distinguishing feature of sudden death in sows caused by Type B C. Novyi?
The liver uniformly infiltrated with gas bubbles Presenting a spongy appearance on the cut surface
51
Which parasite does the distribution of black diseases largely coincide with?
Fasciola hepatica
52
Which clostridium resembles C. novyi Type B phenotypically and in disease pattern?
C. haemolyticum
53
What is the main virulence factor of C. haemolyticum? What does it produce?
Phospholipase C toxin (beta toxin) Produces hemolytic crisis and acute death
54
Which invasive clostridium causes bacillary hemogolbinuria or "red water" diseases of ruminants?
C. haemolyticum
55
Which clostridium is the leading cause of wound infections of farm animals?
C. septcium
56
What is the main virulence factor of C. septicum?
Alpha toxin
57
Which clostridium causes a fatal cold weather disease of sheep? What is the disease called?
C. septicum Braxy or bradsot disease
58
Which clostridium causes malignant edema?
C. septicum
59
Which clostridium produces an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle?
AKA BLACK LEG C. CHAUVOEI
60
Which clostridium causes Tyzzer's disease?
C. piliforme Acute fatal diarrheal disease in lab mice with **focal liver necrosis**** ** Also in foals
61
Which clostridium causes fatal myositis and hepatic diseases in ruminants and horses?
C. sordelli
62
Which clostridium causes quail disease?
C. colinum Ulcerative enteritis and necrotizing hepatitis of several species of fowl
63
Which clostridium causes juvenile enteritis in rabbits?
C. spiroforme Also antibiotic induced enteritis in rabbits

Bacteriology (Exam 2) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions