Salmonella

Question 1

what diseases can salmonella cause ?

Answer 1

enterocolitis
enteric fevers
typhoid fever
septicemia
Metastatic infections (osteomyelitis)

Question 2

what are some properties of Salmonella ?

most important information to remember

Answer 2

Gram negative rods
do not ferment lactose
produce H2S

Salmonella antigens: O and H and capsular Vi

Question 3

What are the two forms of Salmonella “H” antigen

Answer 3

Phase 1
and
Phase 2

Question 4

Important virulence factor specific to Typhoid salmonella

Answer 4

Polysaccharide capsule

Question 5

Three methods for naming salmonella ?

Divide the genus into three species

Answer 5

Typhi
Choleraeuis
Enteritidis

Question 6

S. enterica serotype: the most often involved in metastatic infection

Answer 6

nontyphoidal specie of slamonella
Serotype: Choleraeuis

most involved in metastatic diseases (OSTEOMYELITIS)

Question 7

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology:
1. name the three types of salmonella?
2. which type of Salmonella do not invade and do not cause disease ?
3. Which type of salmonella causes **enteric fevers **and begins it’s infection in the small intestines ?
4. which of the salmonella type spreads into preyer patches of the intestine and leads to bacteremia ?
5. What example can be a **striking feature of Typhoid **salmonella ?

Answer 7

1. Enterocolitis, Enteric fevers, Septicemia
2. Enterocolitis
3. Salmonella Typhi
   4.Typhoid type bacteremia
   5.Survival and growth with in phagosomes “Phagocytic cells” (macrophages etc)

Question 8

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Typhi and in enteric fever caused by S. paratyphi A, B and C

Identify signs and symptoms

Answer 8

onset of disease is slow
with fever and constipation, rather than diarrhea and vomitting.

Question 9

Clinical Findings
1. incubation period
2. what are the beginning symptoms ?
3. how long does salmonella last ?
4. Complications of salmonella with immunocompromised HIV patients and older people ?

Answer 9

1. 12 to 48 hrs
2. nausea and vomitting and progress to abdominal pain and diarrhea
3. few days (self limiting to healthy people)
4. severe metastatic type salmonella infections (osteomyelitis)

Question 10

Typhoid Fever

1. Name the organisms that cause this disease
2. Is theonset of disease slow or fast ?
3. what are Rose spots ?
4. how long until salmonella resolves ?
5. Gender carrier rate ?

Diarrhea may occur early, BUT usually disappears by the time fever and bacteremia occurs.

Answer 10

1.Salmonella Typhi
In enteric fever –paratyphi A, B and C
2. slow onset
3. rose-colored macules on the abdomen (rare)
4. disease begins to resolve by the third week, but severe complications (intestinal hemorrhage) can occur
5. women more than men (women with previous gallbladder disease or gallstones)

note: constipation and fever occurs rather than diarrhea and vomitting

Question 11

Salmonella Vaccines

Drugs Tx for Salmonella (ABX) for
Enterocolitis and Enteric fever

ABX for chronic carriers

Answer 11

yes there are vaccines !!!
capsular polysaccharide
another one is live attenuated strain (Ty21a)

For Enterocolitis: ABX may prolong the excretion of the organism. Does not shorten the illness or reduce sxs, infact increase carrier state and select mutants for restance!!!

(Antibiotic sensitivity testing should be done)

For enteric fever such as typhoid and septicemia:
ABX: Ceftriaxone or Cipro.

Ampicillin or Cipro

The two vaccines are equally effective

Question 12

1.what type of Salmonella usually causes septicemia ?

2.Focal symptoms proceed with affected organs. frequently which organs are these?

Answer 12

1.Salmonella **Choleraeuis **

2.Bone
Lung
Meninges

note: shows little to NO enterocolitis