Salivary Gland Flashcards
What are the functions of saliva?
-speech
-mastication
-taste
-swallowing
-digestion
What is gustin?
protein thought to be necessary for growth and maturation of taste buds
What does salivary amylase degrade?
starch
How does saliva help with protection ?
-lubricate protect lining mucosa from noxious stimuli, bacterial toxins, and minor trauma
-washing action to rid mouth of non-adherent bacteria
-clearance of sugar from mouth
How does saliva help with buffering?
-prevent potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the mouth
-buffering of microbial acids (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
What is sialin?
protein that raises pH of dental plaque after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates
What is the lysozyme activity of saliva?
hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall
What is the lactoferrin activity of saliva?
binds free iron and thereby deprives bacteria of an essential nutrient
What does Salivary IgA do in the saliva?
cause bacterial clumping
How does saliva help to maintain the integrity of teeth?
calcium and phosphate ions facilitate mineralization of tooth surface
How does saliva help with soft tissue repair?
have epithelial growth factor and clotting factor
How do salivary glands form?
ectomesenchymal cells proliferate and grow into the underlying mesenchyme
-epithelial buds undergo histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation
What do alveoli cells become during salivary gland formation?
acinar cells
What do epithelial cords become during salivary gland development?
ducts
What are the stages of salivary gland development?
-induction of oral epithelium by underlying ectomesenchyme
-growth of epithelial cord
-intitation of epithelial cord branching
-repetitive branching and lobule formation
-canalization of the presumptive ducts
-cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithieal cells, and ductal cells
FGF+ EGF+ terminal bulb cells form:
-acinar cells
-myoepithelial cells
-duct cells
When does the parotid gland and submandibular gland start formation?
6th week
when does the sublingual gland begin formation?
8th week
When do the minor salivary glands start forming?
10 th week
What is the order (starting a acinius) of hierarchy of ducts?
-intercellular canaliculus
-intercalated ducts
-striated ducts
-excretory ducts
-terminal excretory ducts
What does intercellular canaliculus help doing?
help with water passing and protein secretion
What are myoepithelial cells (basket cells)?
associated with terminal end pieces and intercalated ducts
-contact and help with secretion
What are some characterisitcs of excretory ducts?
flat with no villi
What duct is associated with parotid gland?
stensons duct
What duct is associated with submandibular gland?
whartons duct
What duct is associated with sublingual gland?
bartholin duct
What are the characteristics of parotid gland?
mostly serous
20% of unstimulated secretion
When is parotid gland enlargement seen?
-mumps, sjorgens syndrome, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervousa, benign and malignant neoplasia
What are the characterisitcs of submandibular gland?
-mixed (mostly serous)
60% of unstimulated secretion
-serous demilunes
What are the characteristics of sublingual gland?
-mixed (mostly mucous)
-10% unstimulated secretion
-serous demilunes
What are characteristics of minor salivary glands?
-10% of unstimulated salivary flow
-mostly mucous secretion
What is von Ebners gland?
pure serous glands with circumvallate glands
What are Blandin-nuhn glands?
mucoserous glands located on ventral surface of tip of tongue
What are weber’s glands?
mucous glands associated with pharyngeal tonsils
What are carmalts glands?
muous glands on the mandibular retromolar area
What are endocrine glands?
product secreted into blood and affects other cells, no ducts
What are exocrine glands?
product onto a surface, usually have a duct
What are merocrine glands?
little/no damage to secreting cells (salivary)
What are apocrine glands?
partial injury to secreting cells (mammary)
What are holocrine glands?
complete destruction of secreting cells (sebaceous)
What are fordyce’s granules?
not pathogenic lesions
-are ectopic sebaceous glands
What can cause nicotine stomatitis?
pipe smoking
-hottter than other smoke
What is a salivary gland mucocele?
result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into surrounding tissues
-remove the duct that saliva typically leaves out of , so it builds up
-numerous foamy histiocytes surrounding by granular tissue
Where are salivary gland mucoceles the most common?
lips, tips of ventral surface of tongue, and soft palate
What are ranula?
used to designate a mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth
-most often involved with sublingual
What is Sjorgrens syndrome?
chronic, systemic autoimmune disease
-80-90% in middle aged females
-xerostomia, xerophthalmia, or keratocinjuctivitis sicca
-parotid gland swelling due to lymphocyitc and plasma cells infilatration
What are mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenoma)?
benign tumor that accounts for a lot of different tumors in the salivary gladns
What is the histology of mixed tumors?
-well circumscribed and encapsulated
-tissue derived from mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells
-keratininizing squamous cells and muscous producitng cells present
What is mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
one of the most common salivary gland malignancies
-most common in the parotid gland
-pain or facial nerve palsy may develoop
What is the histology of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
-made of mucous producing cells and squamous epidermoid cells
-abundant cellular pleomorphism and tendency to form cystuc areas within the tumor cell mass
