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A-level Witchcraft > Salem > Flashcards

Salem Flashcards

1
Q

how many new englanders were indicted and between when

A

1647 - 1693

234 new englanders were indicted

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2
Q

how many of the new englanders were executed

A

36

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3
Q

what was the population in Salem

A

by 1690s population was about 100,000

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4
Q

when and where was a large hunt in Salem

A

1692-3 claimed more than 1/2 victims

less than a third of these actually came from Salem village

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5
Q

background to Salem hunt- who were the settlers and where did they come from

A

English colonists settled in North America, these puritans wanted a theocracy

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6
Q

how did the puritans arrive in New England

A

on the mayflower in 1620

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7
Q

when was the Massachusetts bay colony established

A

1692

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8
Q

prior to 1629 what was the witchcraft beliefs

A

witch hunting was not common, only 100 cases in the previous 50 Years only about 25% had resulted in executions

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9
Q

what were genuine witchcraft beliefs prior to 1692

A

belief Satan and his agents were present and active on earth

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10
Q

how did Charles II attempt to exert royal control over Salem

A

Massachusetts government became resistant to Charles 1680-85
Charles attempted to revoke the royal charter in 1678 and 1681 and consolidate all New England colonies into one to exert centralised control but resistance from puritans authorities meant the charter wasn’t formally annulled till 1684

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11
Q

what did a new charter in 1691 lead to

A

puritans feared they would lose autonomy

a new charter 1691 stated Massachusetts should conform to English law and conform to religious toleration

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12
Q

what happened in the Boston case and when was this

A

1688-9 Boston case used spectral evidence when 4 of John Goodwins children began to behave strangely
Cotton Matter concluded they had been bewitched by Mary Glover who was found guilty and executed

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13
Q

who was kings Williams war bettween

A

English colonists in Maine and French supported wabanaki native Americans

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14
Q

what was the consequence of king Williams war

A

over the winter of 1691-2 a stream of refugees fleeing Native American raids brought reports of massacres and predictions of savagery to come
children in particular would have been worried from what they had heard

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15
Q

what is the first Indian war also referred to as

A

King Philips war 1675-1678

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16
Q

what happened in king Philips war

A

native Americans attacked Massachusetts Maine etc

one tenth of all military aged men were killed

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17
Q

what did the Philips war lead to

A

a constant threat of attack causing settlers to be weary

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18
Q

in the puritan mindset, what were the Indians

A

devil worshippers who were preventing a godly society, similar outlook of witches
also allied of the French who were in need of extermination
fostered paranoia

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19
Q

what were the series of navigation acts

A

1651 - 1660 1662 and 1673 - goods imported to England and its territories had to be passed on English ships
and further acts stipulated goods being transported from the colonies to any destination had to travel to England first
reduced resources coming to colony as it became virtually impossible to ship grain to England

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20
Q

who were the putnams

A

The putnams wanted to sever the village from salem town establishing institutions of local government and worship
The putnams supporters came mainly from the village and engaged mainly in subsistence farming

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21
Q

who were the porters

A

The porters favoured closer ties to the town
The porters had a more entrepreneurial and commercial in outlook
Disputes over land became a test of clan loyalty

22
Q

what did conflict between porters and putnams lead to

A

disputes over land were a test of clan loyalty

23
Q

what did Putnam and porter rivalry lead to conflict over

A

This created tension over the church ministry

24
Q

who did the putnams originally appoint as village minister

A

the putnams wanted for the village to have its own congregation and appointed george Burroughs as minister in 1681- lasted until 1682

25
Q

who replaced Burroughs

A

Deodat lawson replaced burroughs but his appointment soon divided the community

26
Q

who was appointed after Burroughs

A

In 1689 samuel parris became village minister and had support of the Putnam family and preached against those who opposed him
Anti parris faction retaliated in October 1691 when Putnam dominated committee ousted and a porter faction took over
By 1692 parris was worried as the rate comittee control his salary

27
Q

what did Mary glover confess too

A

Mary glover was arrested and a search of her house revealed she had been making dolls in witchcraft them with goat hair - poppets
she used these in witchcraft
couldn’t recite lords prayer correctly and was a catholic

28
Q

what were Cotton Matters beliefs on evidence

A

Matter never released the names of the accomplices as he believed people with a pact with the devil were inclined to lie.
Matter preached that evidence of a witch shouldn’t be used to charge another suspect because the devil may have been attempting to incriminate innocent people

29
Q

who was cotton Mathers father

A

increase Mather

30
Q

who were cotton Mather and increase Mather

A

two of the most senior clergymen in Massachusetts

31
Q

what were cotton Mathers beliefs on spectral evidence

A

cautioned judges to not rely on spectral evidence but did not reject it
nor did he condemn the first trial

32
Q

What were cotton Mathers opinions on the trials after they had ended

A

after 1693 he never admitted publicly to have any regret for his part in the trials

33
Q

how many books did he write

A

over 400 books

34
Q

what book did he publish in 1689 and what impact did this have

A

1689 memorable providences relating to witchcraft and possessions
it acted as a guide to those who conducted trials

35
Q

what did his 1689 publication include

A

an extensive account of Goodwin possessions
a sermon delivered by Mather and reprinted warning against the presence of witches and offering advice on how to detect them

36
Q

where did he witchunts of 1691 begin

A

in Samuel parris’ household

37
Q

why was there anomosity towards Parris

A

he attempted to increase his salary and benefits such as free firewood and exclusive ownership of ministers houses
shortly before the hunts began the town refused to pay his wages after he purchased unnecessary items for the puritan meeting house

38
Q

what did Elizabeth parris and Abigail Williams begin to experiment with

A

fortune telling in the winter of 1691

39
Q

what then happened to Elizabeth parris and Abigail Williams

A

1692 began to lose concentration and experience fits
she would forget prayers
Abigail williams also began to exhibit stranger behaviour

40
Q

what was Ann putnams role in trials

A

her name was mentioned in trials over 400 times and apologised for her part in the craze in 1706 claiming she was deceived by the devil

41
Q

what was the role of mercy lewis in trials

A

accused a total of 8 people

her parents were killed in an Indian attack possibly witnessed by mercy herself

42
Q

was parris immeditely convinced of witchcraft

A

not at first

43
Q

what did a neighbour of Parris do

A

Mary Shibley in 1692 instructed Tituba to make a witch cake as a form of counter magic
according to folklore the dog would eat the cake and the witch herself would cry with pain
this only made the girls fits worse and then was also suspected

44
Q

who did the afflicted girls name

A

Sarah Good Sarah Osborne and Tituba

=stereotypical witches

45
Q

who was William Phipps and what did he do

A

recently appointed govenor

set up the court of over and terming to officially hear the cases

46
Q

was there suspicion in the courts

A

yes, one of the judges resigned within a month when he became suspicious about the legitimacy of the proceedings

47
Q

what did the witches confess to

A

mARY Warren and Deliverance Hobbs declared there were over 300 witches in massachuetts that few to mass meetings

48
Q

how did William Phipps decrease witch hunts

A

Phips realised the court of oyer and Terminer inflamed the situation so therefore disbanded them on 26th October 1692 and reprieved the 5 people who were awaiting execution in gaol

49
Q

how did increase Mather decrease hunts

A

Increase Mather presented a pamphlet Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits critical of spectral evidence and that the evidence should be as clear as any other felony

50
Q

how did elite scepticism decrease trials

A

Samuel Williard a Boston Minister had spoken openely against the trials and had written Some Miscellany Observations stating his objections to the trials

51
Q

how did changing courts decrease cases

A

The Superior Court of Judicature 1593, Court of Assize and General Gaol delivery governed Salem headed by Stoughton prevented the admittance of spectral evidence
and pardoned all those not guilty

A-level Witchcraft (38 decks)

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