Decline - judicial control Flashcards
how did judicial control decrease hunts
has effect of reducing confessions. It meant there were more acquittals and fewer cases got referred to court.
how did judicial control decrease hunts - England
English assize courts had always tended towards caution and insisted on higher proof. However, during the English Civil War 1645-7. During this the Chelmsford assize was declared to unsafe for London lawyers to travel to so the Earl of Warwick took over.
how did judicial control decrease hunts - rothenburg
Rothenberg maintains insistence on proof so never experienced a severe hunt. Margaretha Seitzin, 1582 Claimed 3 of her villager neighbours took her to the sabbat. 2 jurists argued this was probably an illusion created by the devil to endanger her 3 neighbours and corrupt other villagers.
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in Spain
New rules for conducting standards for legal proof. La Suprema were sceptical about evidence in the Navarre hunts 1613 - 1538 the council had warned the tribunal not to believe everything they Read in the Malleus Maleficarium since it contained many mistakes. They then accepted Salazar’s pardon.
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in Italy
Italian doctors asked if death could be due to natural courts
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in salem
Increase Mather presented a pamphlet Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits critical of spectral evidence and that the evidence should be as clear as any other felony
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in ban de la Roche
1674 local pastor wrote to the count with his suspicion that Neuweilter had killed 2 brothers and there were rumours in torn of his sorcery. The count ordered there was no evidence and concluded the brothers had died on illness.
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in Hopkins
Hopkins visited Kings Lynn to give evidence against 9 witches he had interrogated the judge Miles Corbett who had found a number of witches guilty in previous years 7 were acquitted and 2 were convicted Hopkins was given£2 and then left
how did new rules for evidence decrease hunts in Sweden
The court of Appeal began interrogating witnesses directly. When the children confessed that their charges were groundless the court reviewed the evidence and set most the recently condemned free.
how did ideological changes decrease hunts
In the 16th century there was Godly enthusiasm. However, in 17th century 30 years’ war ends 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. Therefore, there was more religious toleration and fewer religious wars so no longer needed to execute enemies of God.
how did ideological changes decrease hunts in wurzburg
in 1615 university of Würzburg suggested he should be fined but the university of Ingolstadt suggested he should be executed for his misdeeds and he was executed in 1618
how did ideological changes decrease hunts in England
Decline in religious zeal from 1650, very little religious conflict after the 30 years’ war
2nd Pendle trial William Harvey Imperial physician
how did elite ideas change decrease hunts
More scientific ideas based on impirical evidence – Newton Copernicus
It became fashionable amongst the elite with superstitions were replaced with science and resson
Mechanical philosophy – ideas that god was an engineer that built the world with natural laws. Hobbes and Machiavelli said power of the state is supreme and elite don’t need to preserve godliness
1782 last officially sanctioned execution however neighbours still accused one another
how did elite ideas change decrease hunts in Salem
- Phips realised the court of oyer and Terminer inflamed the situation so therefore disbanded them and reprieved the 5 people who were awaiting execution in gaol
- Samuel Williard a Boston Minister had spoken openely against the trials and had written Some Miscellany Observations stating his objections to the trials
- The Superior Court of Judicature 1593, Court of Assize and General Gaol delivery governed Salem headed by Stoughton prevented the admittance of spectral evidence
how did elite ideas change decrease hunts in England
Pendle even King James have become more sceptical about witchcraft in later years
the King visited the country and took the opportunity to question John smith who them confessed to making it up
the king issued a royal pardon and 5 women were freed
