SAFOLO — 2c — Biological Molecules

Question 1

Chemical elements in Carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 2

Chemical elements in Protein?

Answer 2

Carbon, Oxygen, Sulfur, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

COSHN
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Question 3

Lipids (fats and oils)?

Answer 3

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 4

What is protein made up of?

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

What are carbohydrates (starch & glycogen) made up of?

Answer 5

Simple sugars (glucose)

Question 6

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 6

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

What are Nucleic acids?

Answer 7

Nucleotide

Question 8

Test for the presence of glucose?

Answer 8

• Add Benedict’s solution (heat test tube with solution and observe colour change)
• If present - brick red
• If not present - blue

Question 9

Test for the presence of starch?

Answer 9

• Iodine
• If present - blue-black
• If not present - brown

Question 10

Test for the presence of protein?

Answer 10

• Biuret solution
• If present - violet
• If not present - blue

Question 11

Test for the presence of fat

Answer 11

• Ethanol and water
• If present - milky white emulsion
• If not present - colourless

Question 12

Enzymes?

Answer 12

Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst by speeding up the rate of specific reaction without being used up or affected

Question 13

Reaction with an enzyme?

Answer 13

in metabolic reactions (digestion) they allow substrates to bind onto their active site, breaking them down into products

Question 14

Reactions with Amylase/maltase?

Answer 14

Starch —> Glucose

Question 15

Reactions with Protease?

Answer 15

Protein —> Amino Acids

Question 16

Lipase?

Answer 16

Lipids —> Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Question 17

Temperature of enzymes increasing towards optimum?

Answer 17

Rate of enzyme activity increases. Because enzymes and substrates will gain kinetic energy, vibrating and moving faster.

Question 18

Temperature of enzymes exceeding optimum?

Answer 18

Enzymes will denature. High temp, causes bonds to vibrate more, increasing chance of bonds within enzyme breaking. When bonds in enzymes break, shape and structure of active sit will change. Therefore, metabolic reactions don’t take place

Question 19

Test: effect of temperature on enzyme activity variables?

Answer 19

Dependent: speed of reaction
Independent: Temperature of Iodine
Control: Volume of Amylase solution, volume of iodine added, temperature of Amylase solution

Question 20

pH of enzymes increasing towards optimum?

Answer 20

Rate of enzyme activity increases. Shape and structure of active site and charge of substrate molecule will both be optimal and allow the substrate to bind to the active site.

Question 21

pH of enzymes exceeding optimum?

Answer 21

Enzymes will denature. Increase/decrease from optimum pH causes the shape and structure of active site to change, changing the charge of substrates, and substrates can’t bind to active site. Metabolic reactions don’t take place.