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PMLS 2 > SAFETY PHLEBOTOMY > Flashcards

SAFETY PHLEBOTOMY Flashcards

1
Q

a condition that results when a microorganism (microbe for short) is able to invade the body, multiply, and cause injury or disease.

A

Infection

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2
Q

Also known as Health Care-Associated Infection or Hospital-Acquired Infection

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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3
Q

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION: Patient who comes to the hospital and develops infection ___ hours or more after administration or within ___ days after discharge from a hospital or health care facility.

A

48/ 30

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4
Q

Infection is restricted to one area of the bodyy

A

LOCAL INFECTION

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5
Q

LOCAL INFECTION: If the infection occurs before ___ hours after admission

A

48

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6
Q

Affects the entire body
Dangerous and fatal (on the part of patient/ health professional)
Attacks different organs of the body
May spread in the blood and cause septecemia

A

SYSTEMIC INFECTION

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7
Q

If the organism that causes this infection and disease spreads from person to person

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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8
Q

causative agent

the pathogenic microbe responsible for causing an infection

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT

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9
Q

The source of an infectious agent
It is a place where the microbe can survive and grow or multiply
include humans, animals, food, water, soil, and contaminated articles and equipment

A

RESERVOIR

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10
Q

is a way an infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host

A

PORTAL OF EXIT / EXIT PATHWAY

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11
Q

is a way an infectious agent is able to leave a reservoir host

A

PORTAL OF EXIT / EXIT PATHWAY

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12
Q

Infectious agents can exit a reservoir host in secretions from the eyes, nose, or mouth; exudates from wounds; tissue specimens; blood from venipuncture and skin puncture sites; and excretions of feces and urine

A

PORTAL OF EXIT / EXIT PATHWAY

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13
Q

is the method an infectious agent uses to travel from a reservoir to a susceptible individual

A

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

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14
Q
A

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

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15
Q

Susceptible Indivduals

A

elderly, new borns, acute/ chronically ill, immune suppressed, and unvaccinated.

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16
Q

The same microbe can be transmitted by more than one route

A

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION

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17
Q

involves dispersal of infectious agents that can remain infective for long periods of time in particles that are typically less than 5 m in diameter and can be inhaled, such as droplet nuclei (residue of evaporated droplets)

A

Airborne Transmission

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18
Q

is the most common means of transmitting infection

A

Contact Transmission

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19
Q

is the physical transfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through close or intimate contact such as touching or kissing

A

Direct

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20
Q

can occur when a susceptible host touches contaminated objects such as patient bed linens, clothing, dressings, and eating utensils

A

Indirect

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21
Q

is the transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or conjunctiva of the eyes of a susceptible individual via infectious droplets (particles 5 m in diameter or larger) generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking or through procedures such as suctioning or throat swab collection

A

Droplet Transmission

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22
Q

is the transfer of an infectious agent carried by an insect, arthropod, or animal.

A

Vector Transmission

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23
Q

Ex. insects bites that transfers to the blood stream.

A

Biological

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24
Q

example, a Fly landing on food that contaminated it.

A

Mechanical

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25
Q

is the transmission of an infectious agent (food, water/drugs).

A

Vehicle Transmission

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26
Q

is the way an infectious agent is able to enter a susceptible host

A

ENTRY PATHWAY

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27
Q

include body orifices; mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth; and breaks in the skin

A

ENTRY PATHWAY

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28
Q

Patient’s ____________ can be exposed during invasive procedures such as catheterization, venipuncture, fingersticks, and heel puncture

A

entry pathways

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29
Q

_________________ of healthcare personnel can be exposed during spills and splashes of infectious specimens or created by needlesticks and injuries from other sharp objects

A

Entry pathways

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30
Q

is someone with a decreased ability to resist infection

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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31
Q

Factors that affect susceptibility include age, health, and immune status

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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32
Q

Developed in 1985 by the CDC as a response to the increase in blood-borne diseases such as AIDS and HepB

A

Universal Precautions

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33
Q

States that any patient has the potential to be infected with these blood-borne pathogens

A

Universal Precautions

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34
Q

Assumed that all blood and most body fluids were potentially infectious

A

Universal Precautions

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35
Q

Required that gloves be worn when a healthcare provider is in contact with any body substance

A

BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION

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36
Q

Are physical and mechanical devices that are available to the health care associate to reduce or eliminate the potential to transfer infectious diseases

A

Engineering Controls

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37
Q

Engineering Controls

A

Puncture-resistant Containers
Safety Needles
Biohazard Bags
Splash Guards
Volatile Liquid Carriers
Centrifuge Safety Buckets
Fume Hoods & Biological Safety Cabinets
Mechanical Pipetting devices
Computer wrist/ arm pad
Sensor-controlled sinks & Foot/ knee/ Elbow-controlled faucets
Chemical storage cabinet
Eyewash stations
Safety Showers

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38
Q

Non-infectious waste

A

Black

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39
Q

Non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary etc)

A

Green

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40
Q

Infectious and Pathological waste

A

Yellow

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41
Q

Chemical waste including those with heavy metals

A

Yellow with Black

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42
Q

Radioactive waste

A

Orange

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43
Q

Sharps and pressurized containers

A

Red

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44
Q

No filtration of air.
Exhausts chemical fumes
outside the laboratory.
Suitable for chemicals and non-sterile work
Never used for infectious
agents

A

Fume Hoods

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45
Q

HEPA filtration of air intake and exhaust
Recirculates filtered air in to laboratory
ensure sterility

A

Biosafety Cabinets

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46
Q

provide an effective means of treatment when chemicals come in contact with the eyes

A

Eyewash stations

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47
Q

provide an effective means of treatment in the event that chemicals are spilled or splashed onto the skin or clothing

should be installed wherever corrosive chemicals are used (e.g. acids or alkalis) and must be readily available to all personnel

A

Safety Showers

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48
Q

Handwashing after each patient contact
Cleaning surfaces with disinfectants
Avoiding unnecessary use of needles and sharps and not recapping
Red bag waste disposal
Immunization for hepatitis
Job rotation to minimize repetitive tasks
Orientation, training, and continuing education
No eating, drinking, or smoking in laboratory
Warning signage

A

Work practice controls

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49
Q

Responsibility of all health care associates
Involves cleaning up spills and decontaminating soiled areas immediately with a disinfectant such as 10% bleach that has been made up fresh daily
Broken glass should not be picked up with the hands

A

Housekeeping

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50
Q

Reduces the possibility of transmission of infection by separating the patient with a disease from other patients and health care associates
Should have an anteroom where anyone entering or leaving the room can wash their hands and change protective garments

A

Private Rooms

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51
Q

Single most important way to prevent the spread of infection

Must be performed after each patient contact even when gloves are used

Disinfectant alcohol-based hand cleaners may be used in place of handwashing unless the hands are visibly soiled

A

Handwashing

52
Q

Used to protect the phlebotomist from infectious material contacting street clothes, skin, mucous membranes

A

Personal Protective Equipement

53
Q

Employers must provide this equipment free of charge and must maintain and clan the equipment at no charge to the phlebotomist

A

Personal Protective Equipement

54
Q

Prevent health care associates from transmitting their own microflora to the patient

Prevent the associate from becoming infected with what is infecting the patient

A

Gloves

55
Q

Used to prevent transmission of infectious agents through the air from entering the respiratory tract

A

Mask

56
Q

Should never be worn around the neck and moved up to cover the nose and mouth as you enter another room

A

Mask

57
Q

Necessary when soiling of clothes is possible while taking care of patients
Should be fluid resistant
Should only be used once

A

Gowns

58
Q

Sequence of DONNING PPE

A

○ Gown first
○ Mask or Respirator
○ Goggles or face shield
○ HAND HYGIENE
○ Gloves
○ Don before contact with the patient, generally before entering the room.

59
Q

Sequencing for REMOVING PPE

A

○ Gloves
○ HAND HYGIENE
○ Face shield or goggles
○ Gown
○ Mask or respirator

60
Q

Where to remove PPE?

A

○ At doorway, before leaving patient room or in anteroom.

○ Remove respirator outside room, after door has been closed.

61
Q

___________ the patient, the means of transmission in the chain is the break point.

A

isolating

62
Q

Limits the amount of contact time a patient has to spread infection

A

Isolation

63
Q

Patients with a contagious disease such as chicken pox, diptheria or pneumonia

A

STRICT ISOLATION

64
Q

Disease that is transmitted through direct contact with the patient such as scabies.

A

CONTACT ISOLATION

65
Q

Patient with disease transmitted through air such as mimps, pertussis or rubella

A

RESPIRATORY ISOLATION

66
Q

Isolation of patients with tuberculosis

A

TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATION

67
Q

Sometimes called wound and skin precautions, used for patients with open wounds which are usually results of abrasions, accidental skin cuts, surgery incisions or bedsores that have become infected.

A

DRAINAGE/SECRETION PRECAUTIONS

68
Q

For patients with severe diarrhea due to contagious bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella or Vibrio cholerae

A

ENTERIC PRECAUTIONS

69
Q

protecting the patient from the health care worker

A

PROTECTIVE/REVERSE ISOLATION

70
Q

Disease-specific isolation was established in __________

A

1983

71
Q

Was established to overcome the short comings of category- specific isolation

A

Disease-specific isolation

72
Q

Based on the modes of transmission of common diseases

Requirements of the categories were modified and a new category was added (blood and body fluid precaution)

A

Disease-specific isolation

73
Q

Protective/reverse isolation were eliminated because studies indicated that it was not efficient

A

Disease-specific isolation

74
Q

Isolation guidelines were revised again in ________

A

1996

75
Q

Intended for patients diagnosed with or suspected of having a specific transmissible disease

A

Transmission-Based Precautions

76
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions:
for patients known or suspected to have illness transmitted through small particle airborne droplet (5 micrometer or less), which may remain suspended in the air

A

Airborne precaution:

77
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions:
larger than 5 micrometer containing microorganisms

A

Droplet precaution

78
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions:
direct or indirect

A

Contact precaution

79
Q

can include nonintact skin, which consists of skin with dermatitis, hangnails, cuts, abrasions, chafing, acne and so on

A

Exposure Incident

80
Q

Requires the employer to identify those tasks and procedures in which occupational exposure may occur and to identify the positions with duties that include those tasks and procedures identified having occupational exposure

A

Exposure Control Plan

81
Q

A device that does not use needles
(a) for collection of bodily fluids or withdrawal of body fluids after initial venous or arterial access is established,
(b) the administration of medication or fluid or
(c) any other procedure involving the potential for occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens

A

Needleless systems

82
Q

______ bleach solution or other disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

1:10

83
Q

Bleach solutions should be prepared ____

A

daily

84
Q

T or F: Gloves should be worn when cleaning

A

True

85
Q

Considered as medical waste. It may transmit infectious diseases

A

Biohazards (Biological Hazards)

86
Q

T or F| Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps should not be transported, recapped, bent, cut, broken or removed

A

True

87
Q

All needles and sharps must be placed in containers that are puncture resistant, leakproof and labeled or color coded as ___________ located within the work area.

A

biohazard

88
Q

4 factors causing fire

A

Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
Uninhibited reaction

89
Q

Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as cloth, wood, rubber, paper and many plastics.

A

A
(Ordinary Combustibles

90
Q

Fires involving flammable liquids and vapors, such as grease, gasoline, oil, and oil-based paints.

A

B
Flammable Liquids

91
Q

Fires involving electric equipment such as appliances, tools, or other equipment that is plugged into an electricity source.

A

C
Electrical Equipment

92
Q

Fires Involving combustible, reactive, or flammable metals

A

D Combustible Metals

93
Q

Fires involving high temperature cooking oils, grease or fat such as vegetable oils, animal oil, or fats typically found in commercial kitchens.

A

Cooking Oils

94
Q

Most common electrical equipment: in lab

A

Centrifuge

95
Q

Electrical Hazards: May include

A

Computer
Fans
Space heaters

96
Q

Hazards to look for

A

Frayed cords
A removed grounding prong on the plug and any type of shock when the equipment is used

97
Q

T or F| Phlebotomist should try to repair equipment and unplug if there are any concerns

A

False

98
Q

Employees must be notified of the potential health hazards of the handled chemicals

A

Chemical Hazards

99
Q

PASS

A

Pull pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze Trigger
Sweep nozzle

100
Q

____________ that produce a toxic or irritant vapor must be used only in an approved chemical hood.

A

Chemicals

101
Q

When there is a danger of splashing, a ______________ apron and face shield should be worn

A

chemical resistant

102
Q

In the event of chemical spill or splash to the eyes or other body parts, a ___________________________ station must be available.

A

safety shower and eyewash

103
Q

Chemical Hazrds: Affected body part should be flushed with water for _____ minutes

A

15

104
Q

The principles involved in radiation exposure are

A

Distance
Shielding
Time

105
Q

The amount of radiation you are exposed to depends upon how ____ you are from the source of radioactivity, what protection you have from it, and how long you are exposed to it

A

far

106
Q

Made from natural rubber of trees
Phlebotomists are at high risk

A

Latex allergy

107
Q

Latex can be found in:

A

gloves
tourniquet
blood pressure cuffs
IV tubing
bandages

108
Q

Latex allergy: Symptoms begin ____ to ___ hours after exposure and can continue for several days.

A

24 to 72

109
Q

Type __ latex allergy is more serious.

A

1

110
Q

______________ reaction that is caused by the penetration of the natural latex proteins into skin

A

Immunologic

111
Q

These proteins can cause production of antibodies to latex which increases with subsequent exposure. As the allergy becomes more severe, the symptoms may include:

A

nausea
low BP
respiratory distress

112
Q

T or F| Latex allergy can be cured

A

False

113
Q

3 methods of disposing used material:

A

Incineration (most common)
chemical treatment
autoclave

114
Q

Waste is burned to ash and then the ash is taken to the municipal disposal area

This method kills any potentially infectious organisms and makes the items within the waste non usable

A

Incineration

115
Q

Consists of grinding or chopping the waste into small pellets and then treating the pellets with disinfectant chemical to kill any infectious microorganisms

The grinding process renders the waste unusable

A

Chemical Treatment

116
Q

Can be used in small operation where only small amount of waste is generated

Waste material is placed in the ___________ and a control tape should be placed to ensure adequacy in the sterilization (change in color)

A

autoclave

117
Q

Autoclave is injected with steam under high pressure for ____ min. to “cook” the waste under pressure

A

15min

118
Q

______ in the waste melt together to make the waste useless and infectious organisms are killed

A

Plastics

119
Q

If infrastructures does not follow and are found during OSHA inspection, they can be charged up to _________

A

$7,000

120
Q

The most prevalent hazard for the phlebotomist is the __________________

A

accidental needlestick

121
Q

Immediately wash the exposed area with _____ and _______. If the mouth area is exposed, rinse with water or mouthwash. If eyes are exposed, flush with large amounts of warm water

A

soap and water

122
Q

Response to Accidental Biohazard Exposure
Exposed associate and source patient must be tested with ____ and ____ only if the associate gives consent

A

HIV or HBV

123
Q

Response to Accidental Biohazard Exposure:
Exposed associate and source patient must be tested with ___ or ____ only if the associate gives consent

A

HIV or HBV

124
Q

Response to Accidental Biohazard Exposure:
If source patient refuses testing and is in a high-risk category or HIV or HBV positive, associate may elect to receive __________ treatment

A

prophylaxis

125
Q

Response to Accidental Biohazard Exposure:
All exposed associate are counseled to be alert for viral symptoms for ____ weeks after exposure

A

12 weeks

PMLS 2 (15 decks)

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