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PMLS 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Region in your arm where the three major veins for venipuncture are located
Most preferred site for blood extraction

A

Antecubital fossa

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2
Q

help prevent blood clots.

A

Anticoagulant

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3
Q

originates on the medial aspect of the forearm at the wrist from the dorsal venous network of the hand.

A

Basilic vein

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4
Q

fraction of an anticoagulated blood sample that contains most of the white blood cells and platelets following centrifugation.

A

Buffy coat

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5
Q

A machine that can separate blood constituents

A

Centrifuge

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6
Q

a superficial vein of the upper limb and it’s one of the two main veins of the arm. Its name derives from ‘cephalic’ meaning head, as the vein runs up to the shoulder.

A

Cephalic vein

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7
Q

Blood pressure when heart is at rest

A

Diastolic

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8
Q

Infection of the inner membrane of the heart

A

Endocarditis

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9
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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10
Q

Formation/production of blood cells

A

Hemopoiesis

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11
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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12
Q

connects the cephalic and basilic systems.

A

Median cubital vein

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13
Q

“Blocked”, normal flow of blood is prevented

A

Occluded

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14
Q

Blood fluid that contains blood clotting agents
Seen in anticoagulated blood

A

Plasma

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15
Q

includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.
brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

Pulmonary system

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16
Q

Fluid from blood without clotting factors
Seen in coagulated blood

A

Serum

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17
Q

provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue.
It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.

A

Systemic system

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18
Q

Blood pressure when the heart is fully contracted

A

Systolic

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19
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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20
Q

Transportation system for the body to transfer substances and waste from one system to another

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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21
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: 2 parts

A

Pulmonary
Systemic

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22
Q

Circulates blood through the lungs, where the blood is enriched w/ O2 and waste CO2 is removed

A

Pulmonary

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23
Q

Network of organs and tissues that help you to breath
Includes airways, lungs, blood vessels

A

Pulmonary

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24
Q

Work together to move oxygen throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide

A

Systemic

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25
Q

Provides functional blood supply to all body tissues.

A

Systemic

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26
Q

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the arteries and to the capillaries of the tissues in the body

A

Systemic

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27
Q

primary organ for blood cell production

A

Bone Marrow

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28
Q

blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

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29
Q

All blood cells originate from

A

stem cells

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30
Q

function to carry oxygen to body tissues and to remove the waste product carbon dioxide and toxic metabolites.

A

Blood

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31
Q

carries nutrients to all parts of the body and moves the products to the lungs, kidneys, liver, and skin.

A

Blood

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32
Q

Normal Adult blood volume

A

5 liters

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33
Q

No more than ___ of the total Blood Volume can be taken in 30 days period.

A

5%

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34
Q

____ kilograms adult contains approx. 5L of blood.

A

68

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35
Q

is a body fluid in the circulatory system of vertebrates that delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transport removed metabolic waste products from those same cells

A

Blood

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36
Q

Solid Portion of blood

A

Formed Cellular Elements
45%

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37
Q

Liquid Portion:

A

55% PLASMA (anticoagulated blood)

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38
Q

Solid Portion: Formed Cellular Elements
45%

A

Red Blood Cells ( Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells ( Leukocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Located at the bottom and the middle layer

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39
Q

Plasma

A

55%

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40
Q

Buffy Coat

A

<1%

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41
Q

Erythrocytes

A

45%

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42
Q

instrument used to speed up the separation of blood components

A

CENTRIFUGE

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43
Q

Centrifuge works by rotating at rapid speeds, separating substances through

A

centrifugal force

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44
Q

Speed of centrifuge measured at

A

RPM (revolutions per minute)

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45
Q

Body defense

A

WBC

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46
Q

Transport of O2 and CO2

A

RBC

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47
Q

Stoppage of bleeding

A

Platelets

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48
Q

Formation of WBC

A

Bone marrow, lymphatic tissue

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49
Q

Formation of RBC

A

Bone Marrow

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50
Q

Formation of Platelets

A

Bone Marrow

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51
Q

Size and Shape of WBC

A

9-16 micrometer; different size, shape, color; nucleus

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52
Q

Size and Shape RBC

A

6-7 micrometer, biconcave disc; anucleate in mature form

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53
Q

Size and Shape of Platelets

A

1-4 micrometer; fragmernts of megakaryocyte

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54
Q

Life span of WBC

A

varies; 24hrs - years

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55
Q

Life span of RBC

A

100-120 days

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56
Q

Life span of Platelets

A

9-12 days

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57
Q

Reference values of WBC

A

3.5-11 x 10^9/L

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58
Q

Reference values of RBC

A

3.8-5.9 x 10^12/L

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59
Q

Reference Values for Platelets

A

150-450 x 10^9/L

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60
Q

Fights microorganisms, maintains optimal health of the body

A

WBC

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61
Q

Lymphatic structures holds special WBC called

A

lymphocytes

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62
Q

Transport nutrients from food
Removes toxic metabolites from cells, delivered to the kidneys for urination.

A

RBC

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63
Q

RBCs are bioconcave due to the lack of

A

nucleus

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64
Q

From megakaryocyte shredding

A

Platelets

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65
Q

Myeloblast matures into 4 different WBCs

A

Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte

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66
Q

Dark blue/ basophilic granules

A

Basophil

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67
Q

Multisegmented lobes

A

Neutrophil

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68
Q

Bright red granules

A

Eosinophil

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69
Q

Kidney shaped nucleus

A

Monocyte

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70
Q

Largest among the four WBCs

A

Monocyte

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71
Q

Monocyte can diferentiate into the

A

macrophage or dendritic cells

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72
Q

Gives rise to Natural killer cells (large granular lymphocyte)

A

Common Iymphoid progenitor

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73
Q

Gives rise to small lymphocyte

A

Common Iymphoid progenitor

74
Q

T lymphocyte found and mature in the

A

Thymus

75
Q

B lymphocytes found in

A

bone marrow

76
Q

Mature B cells that move into the periphery can be activated by an antigen and become an __________ which will respond more quickly to a second exposure to an antigen.

A

antibody-secreting plasma cell

77
Q

iron-containing pigment in RBCs

A

hemoglobin

78
Q
  • holds oxygen molecules. It releases oxygen to tissues and brings Carbon dioxide to the lungs
A

Hemoglobin

79
Q

A person who is _____ has too little hemoglobin

A

anemic

80
Q
  • the body has too much hemoglobin, causing the blood to be thicker than usual
A

Polycythemia

81
Q

Contains antigens on the surface that determine the blood type

A

RBCs

82
Q

Group A: Antibody and Antigen

A

Anti-B and A Antigen

83
Q

Group B: Antibody and Antigen

A

Anti-A and B antigen

84
Q

Group AB: Antibody and Antigen

A

No Antibodies and has both A and B antigens

85
Q

Group O: Antibody and Antigen

A

Has both antibodies A and B, nut has no antigens

86
Q

Responsible for fighting off harmful microorganisms and stimuli from the outside environment.

A

WBC

87
Q

WBCs vary greatly in size. Appear as large white cells w/ purple centers- _____ when viewed in a stained smear

A

nuclei

88
Q

WBC granules stains in

A

pink, blue, orange

89
Q

Medtech performs ________ that can help in the identification of disease

A

Differential count

90
Q

Platelets are also known as

A

Thrombocytes

91
Q

Smallest of the formed elements (1-4 um)

A

Platelets

92
Q

Fragments of megakaryocyte from the BM (bone marrow)

A

Platelets

93
Q

Aid in clotting process by sticking together

A

Platelets

94
Q

3 essential functions of platelets

A

Platelet Adhesion
Platelet Secretion
Platelet Activation

95
Q

The process of spreading across the surface of a damaged vessel to stop bleeding is known as

A

platelet adhesion.

96
Q

Carry blood FROM the heart, carry oxygenated blood

A

Artery

97
Q

Carry blood TO the heart, carry deoxygenated blood

A

Veins

98
Q

Bright red blood

A

Oxygenated

99
Q

Dark red blood

A

Deoxygenated blood

100
Q

Elastic walls that expand with the surge of blood.
Thick-walled because blood from heart emerges at high pressure

A

Artery

101
Q

Less elastic, thin walls

A

Veins

102
Q

Has no valves

A

Artery

103
Q

Has valves

A

Veins

104
Q

Has a pulse

A

Artery

105
Q

Has no pulse

A

Veins

106
Q

The blood vessels has three layers

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

107
Q

Inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body.

A

tunica intima

108
Q

The tunica intima is lined by

A

endothelium
areolar
elastic tissue.

109
Q

Regulates blood pressure, prevents the blood clot, prevents toxins of your blood and also keeps your blood from flowing smoothly.

A

tunica intima

110
Q

Middle layer consists of elastic fibers that keep your blood flowing in one direction and also the middle layer of circular smooth muscles.

A

tunica media

111
Q

Also helps vessels expand and contract.

A

tunica media

112
Q

Responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

A

tunica media

113
Q

tunica adventitia is also known as the

A

tunica externa

114
Q

tunica adventitia is also known as the

A

tunica externa

115
Q

Outer layer contains nerves and tiny vessels.

A

tunica adventitia

116
Q

Delivers oxygen and nutrients from our blood to our cells and also helps remove waste.

A

tunica adventitia

117
Q

Gives the bloodvessels their structure and support.

A

tunica adventitia

118
Q

Tunica adventitia consist primarily of

A

collagen and elastic fibers.

119
Q

Majority of ___ are small or medium-sized with <1 cm diameter. ___ have valves especially numerous in the ____ of the legs.

A

Veins

120
Q

Majority of ___ are small or medium-sized with <1 cm diameter. ___ have valves especially numerous in the ____ of the legs.

A

Veins

121
Q

In our upper body the movement is downward but from the lower extremities, the movement of the blood to the heart is upward.

A

veins

122
Q

Prevents backflow in veins

A

valves

123
Q

Contains a bright red color blood vessels
Have strong Thick walls.

A

Artery

124
Q

Constantly expanding and contracting depending on the situation.

A

Artery

125
Q

Artery forms branches called ______ that branch even more to become capillaries.

A

Forms branches called ARTERIOLES that branch even more to become capillaries.

126
Q

capillaries start forming together to create _____ then become _____.

A

venules and veins

127
Q

Muscular organ about the size of a ____.

A

fist

128
Q

The heart is located just behind in the slightly left of the

A

breast bone

129
Q

The heart pumps blood to the network of arteries in veins called

A

“The cardiovascular system”

130
Q

receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the right ventricle.

A

Right atrium

131
Q

receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs where it is loaded with oxygen.

A

Right ventricle

132
Q

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle

A

Left atrium

133
Q

“The strongest chamber” pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

A

Left Ventricle

134
Q

“Vigorous contractions create our blood pressure.”

A

Left ventricle

135
Q

muscular wall that divides right and left sides of the heart.

A

Septum

136
Q

Normal weight of heart of female and male

A

Female: 250-300g
Male: 300-350g

137
Q

the sac that encloses the heart.

A

Pericardium

138
Q

Functions: to provide lubrication of the heart and shield the heart from infection and malignancy.

A

Pericardium

139
Q

membrane layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart and the valves.

A

Endocardium

140
Q

Functions: It keeps the blood flowing through the heart separated from the myocardium or cardiac muscles. It also lines the valves which open and close to regulate blood flow through the chambers of the heart.

A

Endocardium

141
Q

middle layer of the muscle of the heart itself (cardiac muscle). It is also the thickest layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

142
Q

Functions: It contracts and releases involuntarily which is responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body.

A

Myocardium

143
Q

outermost membrane that reduces friction.

A

Epicardium

144
Q

Functions: Protecting the heart and producing factors that help the cardiac cells develop and ensuring proper response to cardiac cell injury.

A

Epicardium

145
Q
  • infection of the endocardium. If untreated it will destroy the valves by eating away the part of the tissues.
A

Endocarditis

146
Q
  • when coronary arteries are blocked, it leads to Myocardial infarction
A

Occlusion

147
Q

Other term for heart attack

A

Myocardial infarction

148
Q

condition of a blood flow is restricted in the part of the body. Usually when it happens it causes the decrease of the oxygen supply in the delivery of the nutrients causing the tissues there to die which is leading to what we called “Heart Attack”.

A

Ischemia

149
Q

Liver function test and in some instances slightly elevated if there is a heart problem or heart disease.

A

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

150
Q

Liver function test and also effective detecting cardiac problems.

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

151
Q

test for metabolic alkalosis - the most common complication of congestive heart failure.

A

Blood gases

152
Q

Blood test measures the level of protein called BNP that is made by your heart and blood vessels.

A

Brain Natriuretic peptide (BNP)

153
Q

BNP levels are _____ than normal if you have heart failure.

A

higher

154
Q

Test for acute myocardial infarction.

A

Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)

155
Q

Helpful tools in detecting heart problems.

A

Complete Blood count (CBC)

156
Q

There are studies that elevated C- Reactive protein associated with heart attack.

A

C - Reactive protein (CRP)

157
Q

Primarily found in our heart muscle and RBC, if it is elevated and therefore there could be an association of heart disease.

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase 1 (LDH 1)

158
Q

Protein that is elevated during acute myocardial infarction.

A

Myoglobin

159
Q

Most common orders during emergencies. This test is for possible heart problems.” It must be done as soon as possible.”

A

Troponin - I

160
Q

This is the region of the arm usually the phlebotomist chooses to draw blood.

A

Antecubital Fossa

161
Q

It is found in the bend of the arm, back of the hands, wrist, ankle or foot.

A

Antecubital Fossa

162
Q

Why is it the Antecubital Fossa is the choice?

A

Veins are near the surface, and they are large enough.
As a Phlebotomist, you won’t be able to miss an extraction because the veins are quite larger and you can actually find it easier compared to the other veins in the body.
Frequently forms an “M” or “H” shaped pattern.

163
Q

3 veins in phlebotomy

A

Median Cubital Vein
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein

164
Q

Center of the antecubital fossa because it lies between your cephalic and basilic.

A

Median cubital vein

165
Q

Vein that is used majority of the time
Easiest to palpate and less tendency to roll because among the 3 veins it is the most stable even if you move your arm the _________ will not move. Its stability makes it the most accessible vein of all the 3.

A

Median cubital veins

166
Q

Second choice of vein if median cubital vein is not available.

A

Cephalic vein

167
Q

Follows along the thumb side of the arm.
Not prone to rolling but slightly more difficult to feel.

A

Cephalic Vein

168
Q

Larger than then basilic vein

A

Cephalic vein

169
Q

More difficult to feel
Has a tendency to roll

A

Basilic vein

170
Q

Underlying this vein is the brachial artery and median cutaneous nerve.

A

Basilic Vein

171
Q

Most critical part among the 3 veins, because you may hit the vein but sometimes the artery

A

Basilic Vein

172
Q

Most critical part among the 3 veins, because you may hit the vein but sometimes the artery

A

Basilic vein

173
Q

Usually below sometimes in our basilic vein. That’s why the extracting in our basilic vein is critical because you may not hit the vein but rather you may hit the artery below.

A

Brachial Artery

174
Q

You can obtain blood but with special training.

A

Brachial Artery

175
Q

Located in wrist
Puncturing these blood vessels requires special techniques.

A

Radial and Ulnar Arteries

176
Q

For blood gas and analysis.

A

Radial and Ulnar Arteries

177
Q

Need to have thorough training or at least expertise when it comes to arterial puncture.

A

Radial and Ulnar Arteries

178
Q

Alternative when veins in arms are not available
Needs permission from a physician

A

Veins of the feet

179
Q

you cannot take blood in veins of the feet especially with the patient with ______________ because it can cause complications to the patient.

A

Hyperglycemic or Diabetic

180
Q

Prone to clot formation that may cause blockage in other body parts.

A

Veins of the feet

181
Q

Easiest and most accessible vein.
Larger than the other veins of the feet.
Extraction site especially with Hemodialysis patients.

A

Great Saphenous Vein

182
Q

Veins of the foot

A

Great Saphenous Vein
Lesser Saphenous Vein
Dorsal Venous Arch

PMLS 2 (15 decks)

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