Safety and Preparedness Flashcards
What are biohazards
- biological substances that can threaten human health
- med biohazards r any materials that could have been contaminate with infectious agents
- blood body fluids medical waste lab specimens and cultures
what to do when carrying biohazards
- always wear gloves
- place them in bag or containers that are red and labeled
- containers should be close to location where biohazardous waste is generated
Who developed the bloodborne pathogens standard and hwat are they ?
- OSHA
- healthcare facilities provide annual employee training on preventing exposure to blood borne pathogens on preventing exposure to blood borne pathogens and use of PPE
What does training for bloodborne pathogens standard include
- general info abt infectious disease caused by bloodborne pathogens
- use of PPE
- universal precautions
- devices engvineered to prevent exposure
= procuedure if exposed - HepB vaccine if they come in contact with blood or other potentially infectious mterials (OPIM)
- occupatonal exposure control plan
What is needlestick injuryq
- percutaneous piercing wound from point of a needle
Who reccomended the needlestick safety and prevention act in 2001
National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
What is the needlestick safety and prevention act
- mandate the use of safety devices taht reduce needlestick injuries i nthe clinical setting
- all phleb devices should have one handed needle covers or retractable needs (engineering control)
- sharps container
What is the e NIOSH Alert: Preventing Occupational Exposures to
Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Health
Care Settings.
- a frequently updates list of hazardious drugs and safe handling
How to clean up biohazardous spills
- biohazard spill cleanup kit
- special hazardous waste control products (disposable dustpans and brushes for cleaning up broekn glass)
- use PPE
- never touch skin
Who is responsible for implementing a laboratory safety program in hospital labs?
- designated saferty officer
What are physical hazards?
nonbiological objects
that may cause injury or illness to healthcare employees, patients, or visitors.
Physical hazards include allergen exposure, chemical hazards, compressed gas
cylinders, electrical systems, fire hazards, radiation hazards, temperature hazards, and vacuum systems.
At what temp/ in what do some specimen have to be stored in
- (-112F/ -80 C) or liquid nitrogen , heated water bath
ergonomics for phleb
- sitting then standing and bending
- lowering bed rails
- equipment to procedure
- adjust height, angle and position of write to avoid long term physical effects
What kind of gloves should be used for phlebotomy?
- powder-free nonlatex gloves
What are electrical hazards?
- any contact with electrical equipment or failure of equipment that creates a dangerous condition (electrical shock, burn, electricution, explosion)
How to prevent electrical hazards
- Use three-pronged, grounded plugs to avoid short-circuits between incoming electricity, lab instruments, and the person(s) touching the instruments.
● Avoid touching electrical equipment that is wet from spilled liquids.
● Do not touch equipment with wet hands.
● If equipment is damaged, malfunctions, smells unusual, or makes a loud
noise, turn it off.
● Do not stretch electrical cords.
● Do not use extension cords.
● Do not use equipment with damaged electrical cords until they are repaired.
● Turn off electrical equipment during a power failure to avoid a surge when
power is restored.
In the event that you encounter a victim of electrical shock, always disconnect the power before attempting to rescue the victim.
What are fire and explosive hazards?
- likelihodd of fire or explosion
- blocked fire escapes
- overloaded electrical circuits, misuse of chemical, lack of training, carelessness
RACE (fire)
R: Rescue those who need immediate help.
A: Activate the fire alarm or phone in the alarm.
C: Contain the fire as much as possible.
E: Extinguish the fire, if possible.
Types of fire estinguiser
A- cloth paper or wood (ash)
b- flammable liquids (bubbles and boils)
C- electrical (circuit or current)
d - combustible metals
PASS fire
1) Pull out the pin. (2) Aim (at the base of the fire, not at the flames).
(3) Squeeze the trigger. (4) Sweep the base of the fire
what to do if a patient is on fire
- do not fire extinguisher (choking)
- protect yourself with a blanket and slide the blanket under the pt chin to protect airway and try too tuck blanket aruond pt on both sides and toward feet
- if conscious stop drop and roll
what are chemical hazards
harmful or potentially harmful chemicals used by
healthcare employees. Chemicals such as strong acids and bases can burn unprotected skin or cause serious damage if splashed in the eyes.
- may need to add preservative to 24 hr urine sample
What to do if handling hcemicals?
- use glassware appropriate for task
- use PPE and engineeing control and never pipet by mouth
- add acid to water (never water to acid- can cause heat and burn)
- store/ dispose according to state and federal regulations
- Compressed gas cylinders must be chained to the wall or to a handcart during transport. (Dropping a gas cylinder may release its contents with explosive pressure)
What did OSHA modify their Hazard Communication standard (HCS) to include + what is it?
Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system to communicate chemical hazarads (look them over!!!)
What does the GHS do?
- detailed criteria for determining chemical hazardous effects, stnadardized labeling criteria and standard format for sagety data sheets
- the label must include identity of chemical, hazard warning, pictogram, hazard statement
What is a precaution statemetn?
lists measures to minimize
or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous chemical
Who developed the two systems for hazards?
National Fire Protection
Agency (NFPA) and by the American Coatings Association, Inc.
(ACA)
What is the NFPA system?
- diamond (up is red - flammability)
- left is blue - hazard
right is yellow - reacativity/ stability - lower is white - existence of additional hazards
diff numbers for red NFPA
Numbers represent relative flash point in degrees Fahrenheit
0—will not burn
1—not exceeding 200°F
2—above 100°F
3—below 100°F
4—below 73°F
diff numbers for blue NFPA
0—no health concerns
1—slightly hazardous
2—hazardous
3—extreme danger
4—deadly
diff numbers for yellow NFPA
0—stable
1—unstable if heated
2—violent chemical change
3—shock and heat
4—may detonate
diff abbreviations for white NFPA
ACID—acid
ALK—alkali
COR—corrosive
OXY—oxidizer
P—polymerization
W—reacts with water
What do the HMIS color bars look like/ mean
BLUE - Top bar Indicates the level of hazard the chemical poses to
health.
RED - Second bar Indicates a chemical’s degree of flammability hazard.
YELLOW or ORANGE - Third bar Indicates the chemical’s level of physical hazard.
WHITE - Bottom bar Indicates the types of personal protection needed.
rated from 0(minimum) to 4 (severe)
What to do if chemical contacts skin or eyes
- immediate fluhsing with large amounts of water
- emergency showers and eyewashes
- chemical spill kits
What do OSHA mandates healthcare facility plans for expsoure to hazards must include?
- chemical hygeine plan
- biohazad exposuyre control plan
- plan for handling hazardous materials (HAZMATS)
- saferty data sheets (SDS) (formerly known as as MSDS)
What documents set the standard for chemical hazard commmunization (HAZCOM) and educate emplouees aoub their work environtment
- right to know documents and OSHA doc 29 CFR 1910
What do SDS include?
- Identification
- Hazard(s) identification
- Composition/information on ingredients
- First-aid measures
- Firefighting measures
- Accidental release measures
- Handling and storage
- Exposure controls/personal protection
- Physical and chemical properties
- Stability and reactivity
- Toxicological information
- Ecological information
- Disposal considerations
- Transport information
- Regulatory information
- Other information, including date of preparation or last revision
what are radioactive hazards?
- ionizing radiation present
- can destabliilze molecules within cells and lead to tissue damage
radiation in healthcare
- diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy- lab tests with radioactive compounds
What are lab personnel working with radioactive mateirals required to do?
wear a film badge or use a dosimeter to monitor their exposure to radiation
How to report hazards?
- office of risk management, saferyt and secuirty
- first is supervisor
Examples of emergecny and extrement conditions
weather disaster, bioterrorist attack, mass casualties, or
severe emergencies caused by chemicals, radiation, or fire
gray code?
—Activate facility and staff response when staff members are confronted by an
abusive/assaultive person
red cide
- suspected/ confirmed fire
blue code
- adult medical emergency - life support or emergencyt care
pink code
- infant abduction
code green
bom threat/ suspicousp akcages
code siler
- person with weapon/ hostagecode
triage internal
—Activate response to incidents that require or may require
significant support from several departments in order to continue patient care
code yellow
Identify unsafe exposure conditions, safely evacuate an area, and protect
others from exposure due to a hazardous materials spill. Procedures to be performed in
response to a minor or major spill
triage extermal
Activate response to external emergencies that require or may
require significant support from several departments in order to continue patient care
code edison
- rolling power failure
difference between danger and warning
danger if severe
warning if less severe
what does class a extinugers use to cool fire?
soda and acid or waterwq
what do class b extinguishers use to smother fires?
foam dry chemical or CO2
what do class c use to smother fire
dry chemical CO2, halon or nonconducting agents to smother the fire
what do class abc use to smother fire ?
dry chemical reagents (classes ABC fires)
what do classk use to extingusih fire ?
- use potassium based alkaline liquid to fight high temp grease oil or fate fires
