Safety

Question 1

During exposure to radiation, intracellular water is ___, which results in ___.

Answer 1

-Ionized
-Toxic products being released that can damage components of the cell such as deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What are the 4 effects that can occur on cells when radiation comes in contact with them?

Answer 2

-Radiation can pass through the cell with no effect
-Radiation damages cells to a degree that they are repairable
-Radiation damages cells to a degree that they are not repairable
-Radiation kills the cells

Question 3

Genetic damage occurs to the future generations of the individual that has had exposure to radiation when that radiation ___.

Answer 3

Impacts the reproductive cells (eggs, sperm)

Question 4

Signs of radiation exposure at low levels, such as radiodermatitis (reddened, dry skin), can be the result of ___.

Answer 4

Excessive, chronic, low- level exposure

Question 5

The maximum permissible dose (MPD) is the ___.

Answer 5

Maximum dose of radiation a person can receive in a specific period of time

Question 6

The ___ is a measure of radiation and X-ray machine production.

Answer 6

Roentgen

Question 7

A ___ is a unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation.

Answer 7

RAD

Question 8

The term Roentgen equivalent man (REM) is used to ___.

Answer 8

Express the dose equivalent that comes from exposure to radiation

Question 9

OSHA has established that the maximum REMs per year for an individual with occupational exposure to radiation is ___.

Answer 9

5 REMs with the maximum accumulated dose of (N-18) x 5 REMs
(N is the age of of the individual in years minus 18)

Question 10

The acronym ALARA stands for ___.

Answer 10

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 11

Radiation exposure can come from ___.

Answer 11

-Primary beam
-Scatter radiation
-X-ray tube head
-Fluoroscopy

Question 12

If the veterinary technician’s lead-gloved hand is held under the primary beam, only ___% of the primary beam will be decreased, which is why it is vital that even with protective equipment, no part of the technician’s body be in the primary beam view

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

What is scatter radiation?

Answer 13

Degraded X-rays after they have had a collision with tissue or structures - caused by the primary beam bouncing off of the patient, the table, and the floor

Question 14

How can a technician be exposed to radiation directly from the tube head or housing?

Answer 14

Exposure from the tube head or housing can occur if the machine is not completely secure or if portable equipment is improperly handled or held in the lap during exposure

Question 15

Dosimeters have been developed to differentiate between different types of ___.

Answer 15

Ionizing radiation

Question 16

The dosimetry badge is a sensitive piece of monitoring equipment that should not be exposed to ___.

Answer 16

-heat
-Pressure
-Fumes
-Or left in the radiology room to absorb radiation when not worn by the individual

Question 17

Depending on the state or country, the MPD equals ___.

Answer 17

5,000 mrem

Question 18

What are the 3 current methods used in veterinary practices that help decrease exposure to excessive radiation?

Answer 18

-Time
-Distance
-Shielding

Question 19

How is time used in decreasing exposure to excessive radiation?

Answer 19

-Preventing retakes by doing it correctly the first time with the proper settings and positioning
-Also includes using the fastest time possible with the lowest mAs as possible to produce a diagnostic image

Question 20

Law of inverse square states that the intensity of the X-ray beam decreases to ___ if the distance between the beam and the staff member is ___.

Answer 20

-1/4
-Doubled

Question 21

All PPE should be lead lined with a minimum of ___ of lead or equivalent.

Answer 21

0.5 mm

Question 22

Gloves should be radiographed every ___to check for holes.

Answer 22

6 months

Question 23

Gowns, aprons, and thyroid collars should be screened every ___ to check for cracks.

Answer 23

12 months