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Radiography for Veterinary Technicians > Dental, Exotic, and Large Animal Radiography > Flashcards

Dental, Exotic, and Large Animal Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

Dental radiology units generally produce smaller ___, but when repeat exposures are taken, the total exposure can become just as high as a standard X-ray unit

A

-Volumes of radiation

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2
Q

Most dental x-ray tube heads also contain a ___.

A

-Position indicating device (PID)

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3
Q

What does the PID do?

A

-Helps collimate the X-rays and provide less scatter radiation while the image is obtained

-Closer the PID is to the patient and film, the better the image will be due to the reduction in scatter radiation

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of image receptor devices?

A

-Film
-Digital sensors
-Phosphor plates

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5
Q

In dental radiography, fast film requires ___ radiation but results in an ___ in the grain of the image.

A

-Less

-Increase

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6
Q

Film types ___ are commonly used because they require less radiation to produce the image.

A

-D, E, and F

-D is most commonly used in veterinary medicine

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7
Q

Intraoral film comes in different speeds. The film also comes in different sizes, with size ___ being the most common.

A

-0, 2, and 4
-Size 2 is the most common

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8
Q

A significant advantage to digital dental radiology is the ___ reduction in radiation needed to produce the image

A

50%–90%

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9
Q

Size ___ is the most common sensor size for digital imaging, with some companies producing a size ___ sensor.

A

-2

-4

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10
Q

How do phosphor plate systems work?

A

-After the exposure has been taken, the plate is placed into a scanner that digitizes the image and transfers it onto the computer system

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11
Q

What are the benefits of a phosphor plate system?

A

-Ease of use
-Versatility
-Availability of multiple sizes of plates (from 0-6)
-No chemicals needed for processing

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12
Q

What are the drawbacks of a phosphor plate system?

A

-High initial cost of the unit

-Removing the plate for processing can make retakes more difficult to perform because identical replacement of the film in the oral cavity can be difficult

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13
Q

With chairside developers, films are usually ready to be read within ___, but may take ___ to be dry enough to store safely

A

-1 minute
-Hours

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14
Q

Depending on the size of the patient, felines usually require ___ films, whereas canines generally need ___.

A

-8
-12

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15
Q

The parallel technique is used to obtain images of what teeth?

A

-Mandibular fourth premolars and molar teeth in dogs and

-Mandibular fourth premolars and molars in cats

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16
Q

What are some positioning aids for exotics?

A

-Avian restraint boards
-Acrylic snake tubes
-Rodent restraint boxes
-Tape
-Sandbags

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17
Q

The ___ can be used to temporarily immobilize some large lizards

A

Vasovagal response

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18
Q

Gentle digital pressure applied to the ___ causes a brief period of inactivity in some patients

A

Orbits

19
Q

___, such as intraoral films or mammography films, provide the best detail for imaging small exotic animals

A

Non-screen films

20
Q

___units can also be used for many small exotic species

A

Dental radiology

21
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for an avian lateral whole body view.

A

-Right lateral recumbency

-Neck extended

-Foam wedge to maintain head in alignment with body

-Wings extended dorsally

-Legs extended caudally

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

22
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for an avian ventrodorsal whole body view.

A

-Dorsal recumbency

-Neck extended and aligned with body

-Foam wedges to maintain alignment of sternum and spinal column

-Wings extended laterally

-Legs extended caudally

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

23
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a reptilian lateral whole body view.

A

-Right lateral recumbency

-Forelimbs extended cranially and hindlimbs extended caudally

-Secure limbs and body with tape
Foam wedges to maintain lateral position

-Can also be completed with the horizontal beam with the animal placed on a translucent stand

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

24
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a reptilian dorsoventral whole body view.

A

-Ventral recumbency

-Limbs lateral to the body

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

25
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal lateral whole body view.

A

-Right lateral recumbency

-Forelimbs extended cranially and hindlimbs extended caudally

-Secure limbs with tape

-Foam wedges to maintain sternum parallel to cassette

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

26
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal ventrodorsal whole body view.

A

-Dorsal recumbency

-Foam wedges to maintain alignment of sternum parallel to cassette

-Forelimbs extended cranially and hindlimbs extended caudally

-Secure limbs with tape

-Entire body should be visible within collimated area

27
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal lateral abdominal view.

A

-Right lateral recumbency

-Forelimbs extended cranially and hindlimbs extended caudally

-Secure limbs with tape

-Foam wedges to maintain sternum parallel to cassette

-Cranial to the xyphoid and caudal to the pubis

28
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal lateral abdominal view.

A

-Dorsal recumbency

-Thorax secured with sandbags

-Foam wedges to maintain alignment of spine and sternum

-Hindlimbs extended and secured

-Cranial to the xyphoid and caudal to the pubis

29
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal lateral thoracic view.

A

-Right lateral recumbency

-Foam wedges to maintain alignment of sternum parallel to cassette

-Forelimbs extended cranially; hindlimbs extended caudally and secured with tape

-Cranial to thoracic inlet and caudal to last rib

30
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal ventrodorsal thoracic view.

A

-Dorsal recumbency

-Foam wedges to maintain alignment of sternum and spine

-Forelimbs extended cranially; hindlimbs extended caudally and secured with tape

-Cranial to thoracic inlet and caudal to last rib

31
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal lateral skull view.

A
  • Lateral recumbency

-Foam wedges under neck to maintain skull parallel to cassette

-If oblique views are desired, use foam wedges to obtain a 45-degree angle to the cassette

-Deflect ears as needed to ensure that they do not overlap the skull

-Cranial to the nose and caudal to the base of the skull

32
Q

Describe positioning and collimation for a small mammal dorsoventral skull view.

A

-Dorsal recumbency

-Foam wedges to maintain skull parallel to cassette

-Deflect ears as needed to ensure that they do not overlap the skull

-Cranial to the nose and caudal to the base of the skull

33
Q

In many areas, ___ have replaced standard X-ray imaging of large animals

A

-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-Computed tomography (CT)
-Nuclear scintigraphy

34
Q

Larger facilities may utilize ___ X-ray equipment that travels on a track to allow it to be moved into position.

A

Ceiling-mounted

35
Q

The majority of X-rays obtained in large animal medicine use ___.

A

Portable X-ray machines

36
Q

Why is extensive use of portable x-rays particularly dangerous?

A

These machines can be aimed in any direction, and because of their limited power, they must use longer exposure times to produce diagnostic images

37
Q

With large animal radiographs, he haircoat should be ___.

A

-Brushed, cleared of dirt or other debris, and thoroughly dry

38
Q

If the equine foot is being radiographed, ___.

A

-Remove the shoe
-Trim back any overgrown portions of the foot
-Pick and thoroughly clean the sole and clefts
-Pack the sulci adjacent to and in the center of the frog with a substance of similar radiographic opacity, such as Play-Doh, methylcellulose, or softened soap

39
Q

Why should the frog of a horse hoof be packed with a substance of similar radiographic opacity?

A

To eliminate gas shadows caused by the grooves of the frog.

40
Q

Because the construction of portable X-ray machines does not allow the primary beam to be centered less than approximately 10 cm from the ground, a ___ may need to be used to raise the affected foot.

A

Positioning block

41
Q

The majority of images obtained on horses are of the ___.

A

Limbs

42
Q

Horses are not anesthetized for radiology and procedures are usually performed with the animal ___.

A

-Standing and weight bearing
-If a foot block is used, both feet should be up on blocks

43
Q

Horses generally require a minimum of ___ views for most positions, and ___ for many joints.

A

-4
-6

44
Q

In horses, views such as pelvic and dental arcade, usually require the use of a ___, and the animal is often anesthetized

A

-Ceiling-mounted machine

-Anesthetized

Radiography for Veterinary Technicians (7 decks)

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