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Patient Care > Safe Patient Movement and Transfer Techniques > Flashcards

Safe Patient Movement and Transfer Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Base of Support

A

Foundation of which a body rests or stands- defined by the space in between the feet

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2
Q

Biomechanics

A

A component of physics, the laws of Newtonian mechanics, applied to living bodies at rest and in motion

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3
Q

Center of Gravity

A

Hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concentrated

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4
Q

Commonly attached medical equipment

A

items clipped, fastened or affixed to patients bodies to deliver substances (Oxygen, medications, hydration, nutrients or drains)

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5
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of a persons’ efficiency in the work environment

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6
Q

Mobility muscles

A

Muscles that are found in the four extremities and designed for movement - have long white tendons

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7
Q

What are examples of mobility muscles?

A

Biceps

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8
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

A sudden drop in BP in the brain when a person stands up too quickly

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9
Q

Stability Muscles

A

Muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability - red muscles

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10
Q

What are examples of stability muscles?

A

Abdominals

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11
Q

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMSD)

A

Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage and spinal discs in which work environment and performance contribute significantly

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12
Q

What does the use of biomechanics do?

A
  • reduce injury to patients
  • reduce injury to healthcare workers
  • facilitate proper transfer techniques
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13
Q

What is the purpose of a patient transfer?

A

To safely move a patient from one place to another

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14
Q

Whare are the rules of body mechanics?

A
  • Provide a broad base of support
  • Work at a comfortable height
  • Lift with leg muscles while keeping back straight
  • Bend at the knees when lifting
  • Do no allow twisting of your body
  • Keep patients close to your body and don’t reach
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15
Q

What is a correct base of support?

A
  • Standing upright with the feel parallel and spread out shoulder-width apart
  • Even distribution of weight on both feet
  • Knees slightly bent
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16
Q

How should things be lifted? Do’s

A
  • Heavy objects must be held close to the body
  • Feet must be shoulder width apart
  • Legs must be bent at the knees while lifting with back straight
  • Stomach muscles must be pulled in
  • Push up with the legs
  • Use help if something is too heavy
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17
Q

How should things be lifted? - Don’ts

A
  • Making sudden or awkward movements when holding something heavy should be avoided
  • The back should never be bent to pick something up
  • Don’t twist or bend
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18
Q

What muscles should be used for lifting?

A

Mobility muscles

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19
Q

What muscles should be used for support?

A

Stability muscles

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20
Q

Before moving a patient what should be assessed?

A
  • The patient’s general condition, strength and endurance
  • Check if the patient’s motions are restricted
    Check the patients ability to understand what is expected of them
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21
Q

What are the principles of safe transfer?

A
  • never leave a patients side during a transfer
  • lock all wheelchairs, stretchers, and gurneys
  • always use a foot or step stool
  • always transfer across the shortest distance
  • move a patient towards their strong side
  • inform the patient of the plan to move
  • obtain the necessary help to facilitate a safe transfer
  • prepare the table before moving the patient
  • move the tube out of the way
  • use sheets on the table
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22
Q

What are signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting
  • Blurred Vision
  • Slurred speech
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23
Q

How to avoid symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?

A
  • Have patient stand slowly
  • Talk to patient during transfer to evaluate speech
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24
Q

How to treat orthostatic hypotension?

A
  • slow down the transfer
  • have patient take deep breaths
  • provide additional assistance, as necessary
  • keep patient secure and monitor until symptoms pass
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25
Q

What are the 4 types of wheelchair transfers?

A
  • Standby Assist Transfer
  • Assisted Standing Pivot Transfer
  • Two-person lift
  • Hydraulic lift techniques
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26
Q

What are the steps of standby assist transfers?

A
  1. Position the chair at 45- degree angle to the table
  2. Move the chair footrests are out of the way and the chair is locked
  3. Instruct the patient to sit on the edge of the seat
  4. Instruct the patient to push down on the arms of the chair to assist in rising and then to stand up slowly
  5. Direct the patient to reach out and hold onto the table with the hand closest and then turn slowly until they feel the table behind them
  6. Instruct the patient to hold onto the table with hold hands and then sit down
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27
Q

What are the steps of assisted standing pivot wheelchair transfer?

A
  1. Position the wheelchair to a 45 degree angle to the table with the patient’s strongest side
  2. Move the chair footrests out of the way and be sure the chair is locked
  3. Direct the patient to sit on the edge of the chair, providing assistance as needed
  4. Instruct the patient to push down on the arms of the chair and assist in rising
  5. Bend at the knees, keeping back stationary and grasp the transfer belt with both hands. Block the patients feet and knees to provide stability
  6. Assist the patient in rising to a standing position
  7. Ask the patient if they feel alright and if they report any feelings of discomfort let them stand for a moment
  8. Pivot the patient toward the table until the feel it on their thighs
  9. Ask the patient to support themselves on the table with hands and sit down
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28
Q

What are the steps of a two person wheelchair lift?

A
  1. Plan for the lift by locating an assistant who will lift the patient’s feet as you lift the torso
  2. Lock the wheelchair, remove the armrests, swing away or remove the leg rests and direct the patient to cross their arms over their chest
  3. Stand behind the patient, reach under their axillae and grasp the patients crossed forearms. Direct the assistant to squat in front of the patient and cradle their thighs in one hand and calves in the other
  4. On command lift the patient to clear the chair and move the patient as a unit to the desired place
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29
Q

When are hydraulic lifts used?

A

For heavy patients

30
Q

What techniques should be used for a hydraulic lift transfer?

A
  • patient need to be seated on a lift sling
31
Q

What are the types of patient transfer from a stretcher?

A
  • Stretcher to table with moving device
  • Stretched to table without moving device
  • Logroll
32
Q
A
33
Q

What are the steps to transfer a patient from a stretcher with a moving device?

A
  1. Move the cart alongside the table as close as possible, with the patients strong side closer. Secure the stretched by depressing the wheel locks.
  2. Place the patient at an oblique angle away from the table while the moving device is policed at the midpoint to their back
  3. Return the patient to the supine position so that they are halfway on the device
  4. Grab the draw sheet and use it to move the patient slowly onto the table
  5. Remove the moving device by turning the patient obliquely again
34
Q

What are the steps to transfer a patient from a stretcher without a moving device?

A
  1. Move the cart alongside the table, as close as possible, with the patients strong side closest to the table. Secure the stretched by locking the wheels.
  2. Begin by rolling up the draw sheet on both sides of the patient and make sure the sheet is completely under the patient and straightened.
  3. Support the patients head and upper body from the far side of the table. Direct a second assistant to support the patient’s pelvic girdle from the cart side and a third assistant to support the patients leg from the table side.
  4. Cross the patients arms over their chest
  5. Direct the second assistant supporting the pelvis to stand on the opposite side of the cart to make sure it doesn’t move away during the transfer.
  6. On command, grasp the rolled up draw sheet and slowly pull the patient to the edge of the cart. On second command, slowly lift and pull the patient onto the table
35
Q

What are the steps to transfer a patient via log roll?

A
  1. Position on person at the patients head and two people at either side of the patient.
  2. Roll the patient on their side so the transfer board can be positioned under them.
  3. Always keep head aligned with the spine
36
Q

Should cervical collars ever be removed by Rad Techs?

A

No they should never be removed

37
Q

What should be done to prevent falls from the patient when transferring from a stretcher?

A

Make sure the stretched side rails are always raised and locked

38
Q

What should the patient wear if they will be standing or walking?

A

Hospital slippers or non-slip footwear

39
Q

When more than one person is transferring a patient who is in charge?

A

The person positioned at the patient’s head

40
Q

What is the person in charge responsible for as part of the transfer?

A

Responsible for giving commands and directing the transfer

41
Q

What are some notable tips when transferring a patient?

A

Always pull the patient towards you and never push them away from you

42
Q

What are the most common patient positions?

A
  • Supine
  • Prone
  • Lateral
  • Sims’
  • Fowler’s
  • Trendelenburg
43
Q

WHAT IS THE SUPINE POSITION?

A

Patient is lying flat on their back, face up

44
Q

WHAT IS THE PRONE POSITION?

A

Patient is lying flat on their stomach, face down

45
Q

What is the lateral position?

A

Patient is lying on their side

46
Q

What is the Sims’ position?

A

Patient is lying face down in a 45-degree oblique position
- The front knee is flexed and raised towards the head

47
Q

WHAT ARE SIMS POSITIONS BEST USED FOR?

A

INSERTING ENEMAS FOR BE STUDIES

48
Q

WHAT IS THE FOWLER’S POSITION?

A

PATIENT IS LYING FACE UP WITH THEIR HEAD AND CHEST ELEVATED

49
Q

WHAT IS THE BEST USE FOR THE FOWLER’S POSITION?

A

BEST FOR PATIENTS HAVING DIFFICULTY BREATHING

50
Q

What is the trendelenburg position?

A

The patient is lying supine with their head lower than their pelvis (usually 45-degrees)

51
Q

What is the best use for a trendelenburg position?

A

To treat patients who are in shock

52
Q

When shouldn’t trendelenburg be used?

A

If the patient has a head injury

53
Q

What are the best ways to make a patient feel comfortable during testing?

A
  • use pillows for the head and radiolucent table pads if possible
  • place a pillow or sponge under the knees to reduce straightening of the spine
  • for patients lying on their side, place a pillow or cushion between the knees to relieve pressure
54
Q

What should be done if a patient is having difficulty breathing or is nauseous during an exam?

A

Raise up the patients head

55
Q

What are the guidelines for positioning a patient?

A
  1. Prepare the patient by explaining what will happen before, during and after the procedure
  2. Lock any transfer devices and keep them as close to the table as possible
  3. Move the tube out of the way of the patients head
  4. Transfer the patient as a single unit
  5. Let the patient assist as much as possible
  6. Cross patient’s arms and roll them towards you
56
Q

What types of objects should be removed for certain X-ray procedures?

A

Metal objects such as chains, watches, etc

57
Q

What should be done if jewelry can’t be removed?

A

Make a notation for the radiologist

58
Q

How should clothes be removed when assisting a patient?

A

Always removed from the uninjured side first

59
Q

How should clothes be put back on when assisting patients?

A

Always put the clothing on the injured side first

60
Q

How should IV bags be handled when assisting a patient with dressing?

A

Gown should be slipped off the unaffected side first, and the IV bag and tubing should be put through the arm hole of the gown.

61
Q

What are the types of patient paralysis?

A
  • Hemiplegia
  • Paraplegia
  • Quadriplegia
62
Q

What is paralysis?

A

The loss of voluntary movement (motor function)

63
Q

What is partial paralysis?

A

Paralysis that only affects one muscle or limb (palsy)

64
Q

What is total paralysis?

A

Paralysis of all muscles

65
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

Paralysis that affects only one side of the body

66
Q

What is paraplegia?

A

Paralysis that affects the lower half of the body

67
Q

What is quadriplegia?

A

Paralysis that affects the body from the neck down

68
Q

Radiolucent

A

Easily penetrated by X-rays

69
Q

Radiopaque

A

Not easily penetrated by X-rays

70
Q

R/O

A

Rule out

71
Q

Y/O or y/o

A

Year old

72
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

Patient Care (10 decks)

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