CPR and Electrocardiogram Flashcards
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What is CPR?
A combination of oral resuscitation and external cardiac compressions to re-establish cardiac function and circulation
When is CPR used?
As a response to cardiac and/or respiratory failure?
What was the AHA change in order for CPR in 2010?
ABC’s (airway, breathing and circulation) became CAB (Circulation, airway, breathing)
What does the new AHA guideline emphasize?
The need to start with chest compressions first
What do compressions entail?
Pushing hard and fast on the center of the victim’s chest
What does airway entail?
Tilting the victims head back and lifting the chin to open the airway
What does breathing entail?
Mouth to mouth rescue breaths
What are the benefits of early chest compressions?
To immediately circulate oxygen already in the bloodstream
What should the initial process of CPR begin with?
30 compressions at a rate of 100 compression/minute by the establishment of an airway and rescue breathing
What is a universal compression-ventilation ratio?
30:2
What are the components of the 30:2 ratio?
30 chest compressions
2 ventilations or rescue breaths
What is cardiac arrest?
Sudden cessation of functional ventilation and circulation (heart stops beating and no pulse is found)
What are symptoms of cardiac arrest?
- absence of carotid or femoral pulse
- apnea
- dilated pupils
What does calling for inside a hospital entail?
Calling a code, which is specific to each hospital, where a response team responds STAT
What happens if a code is called outside the hospital?
911 is called
How long can the brain go without oxygen before brain damage?
No longer than 4-6 minutes
What steps are involved in one person CPR?
- Establish unresponsiveness (Shake and shout method for adults)
- Feel for a pulse and check patient’s breathing
- Call for help STAT and be specific
- Position patient on their back on a hard surface
- Apply 30 cardiac compressions, open the airway and proceed with rescue breathing (2 breaths)
- Repeat for a total of 5 cycles then reassess the patient’s condition
What is the proper hand placement for compressions?
- Place the heel of the hands on the midline of the sternum above the xiphoid process
- Lock elbows and arms
What is the proper cadence for chest compressions?
Give 30 compressions in a smooth rhythm about 2 inches in depth at a rate of 100 compressions per minute
How should the airway be opened?
By tilting the head back gently with one hand on the forehead and other hand on the chin
How do you establish breathlessness?
- Look for the rise and fall in the chest
- Listen for breath sounds
- Feel for the flow of air from the victims nose
How to perform rescue breathing?
- Place one hand on the forehead of the victim and pinch their nose
- Take a deep breath and seal lips around victims mouth
- Give 2 rescue breaths for 1 second each and observe if the chest rises/falls
How to establish circulatory inadequacy?
Palpate the carotid artery and if after 5-10 seconds the pulse is absent, proceed with chest compressions
