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Patient Care > CPR and Electrocardiogram > Flashcards

CPR and Electrocardiogram Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPR stand for?

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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2
Q

What is CPR?

A

A combination of oral resuscitation and external cardiac compressions to re-establish cardiac function and circulation

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3
Q

When is CPR used?

A

As a response to cardiac and/or respiratory failure?

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4
Q

What was the AHA change in order for CPR in 2010?

A

ABC’s (airway, breathing and circulation) became CAB (Circulation, airway, breathing)

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5
Q

What does the new AHA guideline emphasize?

A

The need to start with chest compressions first

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6
Q

What do compressions entail?

A

Pushing hard and fast on the center of the victim’s chest

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7
Q

What does airway entail?

A

Tilting the victims head back and lifting the chin to open the airway

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8
Q

What does breathing entail?

A

Mouth to mouth rescue breaths

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9
Q

What are the benefits of early chest compressions?

A

To immediately circulate oxygen already in the bloodstream

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10
Q

What should the initial process of CPR begin with?

A

30 compressions at a rate of 100 compression/minute by the establishment of an airway and rescue breathing

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11
Q

What is a universal compression-ventilation ratio?

A

30:2

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12
Q

What are the components of the 30:2 ratio?

A

30 chest compressions
2 ventilations or rescue breaths

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13
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

Sudden cessation of functional ventilation and circulation (heart stops beating and no pulse is found)

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14
Q

What are symptoms of cardiac arrest?

A
  • absence of carotid or femoral pulse
  • apnea
  • dilated pupils
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15
Q

What does calling for inside a hospital entail?

A

Calling a code, which is specific to each hospital, where a response team responds STAT

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16
Q

What happens if a code is called outside the hospital?

A

911 is called

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17
Q

How long can the brain go without oxygen before brain damage?

A

No longer than 4-6 minutes

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18
Q

What steps are involved in one person CPR?

A
  • Establish unresponsiveness (Shake and shout method for adults)
  • Feel for a pulse and check patient’s breathing
  • Call for help STAT and be specific
  • Position patient on their back on a hard surface
  • Apply 30 cardiac compressions, open the airway and proceed with rescue breathing (2 breaths)
  • Repeat for a total of 5 cycles then reassess the patient’s condition
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19
Q

What is the proper hand placement for compressions?

A
  • Place the heel of the hands on the midline of the sternum above the xiphoid process
  • Lock elbows and arms
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20
Q

What is the proper cadence for chest compressions?

A

Give 30 compressions in a smooth rhythm about 2 inches in depth at a rate of 100 compressions per minute

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21
Q

How should the airway be opened?

A

By tilting the head back gently with one hand on the forehead and other hand on the chin

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22
Q

How do you establish breathlessness?

A
  • Look for the rise and fall in the chest
  • Listen for breath sounds
  • Feel for the flow of air from the victims nose
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23
Q

How to perform rescue breathing?

A
  • Place one hand on the forehead of the victim and pinch their nose
  • Take a deep breath and seal lips around victims mouth
  • Give 2 rescue breaths for 1 second each and observe if the chest rises/falls
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24
Q

How to establish circulatory inadequacy?

A

Palpate the carotid artery and if after 5-10 seconds the pulse is absent, proceed with chest compressions

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25
Q

What are some possible complication of CPR?

A
  • Rib fracture
  • Pneumothorax
  • Fractured sternum
  • Fat emboli
  • Lacerated liver and spleen
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26
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

A collection of air or gas in the pleural space, causing the lungs to collapse

27
Q

What is fat emboli?

A

A blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air, clumped tumor cells or a blood clot

28
Q

How is two person rescue CPR different than one person?

A

Same steps, but one person is responsible for ventilations and the other does compressions and switch positions

29
Q

What is the person placement for two person CPR?

A
  • One rescuer at the victims side performing compressions
  • The second rescuer at the victims head and mains open airway/provides breathing
30
Q

How does infant CPR differ from adult CPR?

A

Its similar except for the volume of air, placement of hands and depth of compressions

31
Q

What air volume should be used in infants?

A

Just enough air to cause the chest to rise and fall

32
Q

What is the hand placement for infant CPR?

A

Two fingers used on the sternum instead of palm of hands

33
Q

What is the depth of compression for 8 y/o and older?

A

The sternum is compressions 1-1 1/2 inches

34
Q

What is the depth of compression for infants?

A

The sternum is compresses 1/2 - 1 inch

35
Q

What is a health care proxy?

A

A written, signed legal document that allows you to designate a person to speak for when you are unable to, to direct medical care that you will receive

36
Q

What are life sustaining treatments?

A

Drugs or machines or medical procedures that will keep you alive but will not cure you

37
Q

What will you still receive if you choose to decline life sustaining treatment?

A

Medications and treatment to ease pain and keep you comfortable

38
Q

What are artificially provided foods and hydration?

A

Food and water given through a tube or IV to keep you alive if you are unconscious or cannot chew/swallow on your own

39
Q

What is cardiac output determined by?

A
  • Heart rate
  • Left ventricular output (stroke volume)
40
Q

What is electrocardiography?

A

An electrical assessment of the hearts ability to perform its vital function

41
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

The heart’s electrical signal as it triggers each of the four heart chambers to pump

42
Q

How are EKG’s attached?

A

Electrodes are attached to the surface of the skin to detect electrical signals

43
Q

What are electrodes attached to?

A

Attached with wires to a machine that draws a graph of the electrical signal

44
Q

How many electrodes are used in an EKG?

A

10 electrodes, 6 on the chest and 4 on the arms/legs

45
Q

What does each electrode measure?

A

The heart’s electrical activity

46
Q

What does an EKG translate the electrical activity to?

A

Line tracing on paper

47
Q

What is an EKG used for?

A
  • Assess heart rhythm
  • Diagnose poor blood flow to the heart muscles
  • Diagnose a heart attach
  • Evaluate certain abnormalities of your heart (enlarged heart)
48
Q

What is the primary function of the heart?

A

To pump blood through vessels to vital organs and tissues

49
Q

What are the four heart chambers?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle. Right atrium and right ventricle

50
Q

What is included in a cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one ventricular contraction (systole) until the beginning of another

51
Q

What two types of cells is the heart composed of?

A
  • Working cardiac cells (myocardium)
  • Specialized neural conductive cells
52
Q

What are the parts of the cardiac conduction system?

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibers
53
Q

What is a DNR?

A

A do not resuscitate order that indicates the CPR should not be done

54
Q

What is a DNI?

A

Do not intubate which are orders that a patient should not be intubated

55
Q

What are the individual spikes and dips in a line tracing?

A

Waves

56
Q

What does a P wave represent?

A

The electrical activity of the atria

57
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

The electrical activity in the ventricles

58
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

The period of electrical recovery or repolarization of the ventricles

59
Q

What occurs during the straight line segments of an EKG?

A

That the heart is in atrial or ventricular systole (relaxation)

60
Q

What is a bolus injection?

A

Amount of a fluid that is pushed via rapid injection

61
Q

What is Extravasation?

A

Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause vasoconstriction

62
Q

What is infiltration?

A

Diffusion of liquid into a tissue, often used interchangeably with extravasation

63
Q

What is an AED?

A

Automated external defibrillator

Patient Care (9 decks)

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