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Patient Care > Non-aseptic Technique > Flashcards

Non-aseptic Technique Flashcards

1
Q

What are naso-gastric tubes?

A

Tube inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach

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2
Q

What are NG tubes used for?

A

Decompression or the removal of flatus and fluids from the stomach

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3
Q

What is an another use for NG tubes?

A

To provide nutrients to the stomach

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4
Q

What care should be taken by RTs when moving patients with NG tubes?

A

Be careful to not dislodge the tube

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5
Q

Who is responsible for the insertion of NG tubes?

A

Physicians and nurses but the radiographer must be able to assist and perform radiographs on them

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6
Q

What are inserted into NG tubes for radiographic procedures?

A

Barium or other contrast materials

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7
Q

What position is the patient in when an NG tube is inserted?

A

Fowler’s position

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8
Q

What are the types of NG tubes?

A
  • Levin tube
  • Salem sump tube
  • Cantor
  • Keofeed
  • Miller-Abbott
  • Sengstaken-Blakemore
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9
Q

What are the two most popular NG tubes?

A

Levin tube and Salem-Sump tubes

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10
Q

What are features of a Levin tube?

A
  • Single lumen type with black markings that indicate how far the tube has been inserted
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11
Q

What are features of the salem-sump tube?

A

Double lumen type

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12
Q

What are single lumen NG tubes best for?

A

Decompression

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13
Q

What are double lumen NG tubes best for?

A

Continuous lavage or irrigation of the stomach

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14
Q

What x-ray procedure is done to check the placement of an NG tube?

A

ABX using fluoroscopy or listening to the abdomen with a stethoscope

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15
Q

What are urinals?

A

A disposable or reusable device used for males to collect urination

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16
Q

What is the procedure for placing a urinal?

A
  • Secure the patient’s privacy
  • The radiographer should put on disposable gloves
  • Cover the patient with a sheet
  • If the patient needs assistance a male radiographer may assist the patient
  • Give the patient toilet paper or a washcloth after urinating
  • After completion of voiding, the urinal should be rinsed and re-sterilized
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17
Q

What should the radiographer wear when assisting patients with urinals?

A

Wear disposable gloves and should wash their hands before and after

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18
Q

What should be done if the patient’s urine output needs to be recorded?

A

Indicate the volume on the patient’s chart and return urine to the nursing staff

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19
Q

What should be done if recording of the output is not needed?

A

Contents of the urinal should be emptied into the toilet, flushed and urinal discarded

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20
Q

What are the bed pan uses by gender?

A

Males- defecation
Females - Defecation and urination

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21
Q

What are the two types of bedpans?

A

Standard and fracture

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22
Q

What are features of standard bedpans?

A

Has wide sides that the patient’s butt rests on

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23
Q

What are features of fracture bedpans?

A

The sides are very narrow so that the bedpan can more easily be slid under the patient

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24
Q

How is the bedpan placed?

A

Slide the bedpan under the patient by asking the patient to turn slightly on their side and roll the patient onto the pan

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25
Q

What are cleansing enemas?

A

Used to promote defecation and to prepare the large intestine for the introduction of contrast media

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26
Q

What is a scout film?

A

An x-ray that is done before any contrast media are introduced into the body

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27
Q

What do scout films check for?

A

To see if the patient is prepared for the exam, to check for artifacts present and to check the radiographic technique to be used before contrast is introduced

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28
Q

What is a barium enema?

A

A radiographic study of the large intestine or lower GI tract where contrast media of BaSO4 is introduced through a catheter

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29
Q

When doing a barium enema what must a radiographer do?

A
  • Obtain patient’s consent
  • Explain the procedure
  • Assess allergic sensitivity to Latex or Barium
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30
Q

What is contrast media?

A

A substance introduced into the body that is radiopaque and is used to outline organs and structures within the body

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31
Q

What types of contrast agents should be used for upper and lower GI exams?

A

Positive and Negative contrast

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32
Q

What are positive contrast?

A

Barium or Gastrografin

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33
Q

What are negative contrasts?

A

Air

34
Q

If the patient is suspected to have a perforation of the bowel what contrast should be used?

A

Gastrographin

35
Q

What does a BE series include?

A

Fluoroscopy and several radiographs taken before, during and after the introduction of contrast material

36
Q

What are the types of enemas?

A
  • Tap water (hypotonic)
  • Hypertonic (fleet enema)
  • Saline (safest on infants)
  • Oil retention
  • Soapsuds solution
37
Q

What are basic BE instructions given to patients before the exam?

A
  • Low residue diet
  • Purgatation
38
Q

What foods are included in a low residue diet?

A

No milk, meat, eggs, fruit or vegetables

39
Q

What is purgatation?

A

When the patient is prescribed laxatives to promote emptying of the colon

40
Q

What is over hydration when it comes to BE prep?

A

Patients are instructed to follow a clear liquid diet 24 hours prior to the exam

41
Q

How are cleansing enema a part of BE prep?

A

As many as 3 cleansing enema should be done the morning of the exam

42
Q

How is the barium solution prepared?

A

Contrast media is mixed with water that’s 105 degrees

43
Q

If cramping occurs while the BE is introduced what should be done?

A

Tell the patient to inhale and exhale slowly and deeply and to try to relax

44
Q

How much fluid is the enema bag filled with?

A

30 mL but not all of it will be used

45
Q

If using a foley catheter how much air should be inflated into the balloon?

A

30-90 mL

46
Q

What position should be patient be placed in for enema tip insertion?

A

In the Sims position

47
Q

What are the steps to insert the tip?

A
  • Wear gloves
  • Lubricate the tip
  • place a drape over the patient to maintain privacy
  • have the patient slowly exhale while inserting the tip
  • move the tip should move anteriorly and superiorly up to 3-4 inches
48
Q

When are balloon tips contraindicated?

A

In cases of rectal narrowing or hemorrhoids

49
Q

What tips should be used in place of Foley?

A

Straight tubes

50
Q

What is a post-evacuation film?

A

A radiograph taken after the patient has evacuated the barium or contrast media

51
Q

How does barium or gastrographin look on an image?

A

The same, white

52
Q

What is viscosity?

A

They physical property of liquids and how thick they are

53
Q

What are double contrast barium enemas used for?

A

Detection of polyps, history of colorectal cancer or rectal bleeding

54
Q

What two contrasts are used in double contrast BE’s?

A

Solution barium and air/carbon dioxide

55
Q

What is air used for in a double contrast BE?

A

To expand the colon

56
Q

What are important patient concerns with a BE?

A
  • keep the tip firmly in the rectum
  • relax abdominal muscles to reduce pressure
  • use deep breathing to prevent spasm and cramps
  • try to take the patient’s attention away from the enema
57
Q

How should a rectal catheter be removed that has an inflatable cuff?

A

Cuff must be deflated before its removed

58
Q

What is a colostomy?

A

Formation of a stoma from the bowel to the outside of the body

59
Q

When are permanent colostomies performed?

A

When a portion of the bowel is removed

60
Q

When are temporary colostomies performed?

A

To heal or rest a portion of the bowel

61
Q

How is barium introduced when a patient has a stoma?

A

Barium is introduced into the stoma using a soft flexible catheter connected to an enema bag

62
Q

What type of catheter is used for stomas?

A

Foley catheter

63
Q

What procedures should patient’s take post BE?

A

Increase fluid intake and dietary fiber

64
Q

What is a UGI?

A

Upper Gi series that includes visualizing the terminal esophagus, stomach and proximal small intestine

65
Q

What does an Upper GI Series include?

A

Fluoroscopy and a series of radiographs taken before during and after the introduction of contrast material

66
Q

What is an esophagram?

A

Imaging where only the esophagus is visualized

67
Q

How are images taken for an esophagram?

A

Taken while the patient swallows the contrast mixture

68
Q

What is a small bowel series?

A

When the small intestine is visualized

69
Q

How is the barium and imaging done for a small bowel series?

A

Patient drinks two full GI cups of barium and radiographs are taken in intervals every 1/2 hour until barium reaches the ileocecal of the large intestine

70
Q

What is a Gallbladder series?

A

Radiograph of the gallbladder

71
Q

What is the patient prep for a GI series?

A

Iodinated contrast tablets are given to the patient the night before and on the day of a series of radiographs are taken

72
Q

What is Intravenous pyelogram?

A

A radiographic procedure in which contrast material is injected into the vein a travels to the kidneys

73
Q

How is the radiograph complete for an IVP?

A

Taken at certain time intervals showing the contrast in the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

74
Q

What type of contrast is used for IVP?

A

Renographin which is a water-soluble iodine compound

75
Q

What is post-voiding film?

A

A radiograph taken after the patient has urinated to demonstrate the contrast is gone

76
Q

What is the sequence for contrast exams?

A
  1. IVP
  2. GB
  3. BE
  4. GI
77
Q

What does the sequence of contrast exams depend on?

A

How quickly the contrast can be eliminated from the body

78
Q

What are contrast exams that be performed together?

A

GB and IVP
IVP and BE
GB and GI

79
Q

What is the patient prep for IVP?

A
  • NPO after midnight
  • Cleansing enema at home the morning of the exam
  • Empty bladder before scout film
80
Q

What is the patient prep for GB?

A
  • Patient takes iodinated contrast table evening before exam
  • Fat free meal evening before exam
  • Water only the morning of the exam
81
Q

What is the patient prep for BE?

A
  • Cathartics (laxatives) prescribed by the MD
  • Low residue diet
  • Cleansing enema at home the morning of the exam
82
Q
A

Patient Care (10 decks)

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