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Patient Care > Immobilization Techniques > Flashcards

Immobilization Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is immobilization?

A

A method of applying restrictive measures to prevent patient/part movement

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2
Q

What does immobilization and communication help to reduce?

A

Motion on radiographs

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3
Q

What does the slightest movement cause on radiographs?

A

Blurring

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4
Q

What is the most significant contributing factor to unacceptable image quality?

A

Motion distortion

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5
Q

What do positioning inaccuracies contribute to?

A

Suboptimum image quality

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6
Q

What does motion distortion result from?

A

Involuntary and voluntary patient movement

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7
Q

What does motion from patients result in?

A

The need to repeat radiographs and increase radiation exposure to the patient

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8
Q

What is critical to effective immobilization?

A

Communication

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9
Q

What exposure time should be used for immobilization?

A

Short exposure times

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10
Q

What can be used to assist in immobilization?

A

Immobilization aids

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11
Q

What else can be used as an effective way of facilitating good immobilization?

A

Empathy for the patients condition

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12
Q

What is voluntary motion?

A

Motion that can be controlled by the patient

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13
Q

When does voluntary motion occur?

A

As a result of inadequate communication by the technologist

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14
Q

What is involuntary motion?

A

Motion due to contributing factors such as temperature, shock, neurological disorders and medication

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15
Q

What is the most effective means of reducing motion and ensuring the patient cooperates?

A

Communication

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16
Q

How should the technologist give instructions to the patient?

A

Give patient instructions in simple terms the patient can understand

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17
Q

What non verbal instructions can be used to communicate?

A

Demonstrations and other methods

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18
Q

What does communication with the patient also include?

A

Establishing good rapport and showing empathy for the patient

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19
Q

What is rapport?

A

A relationship of harmony and accord between two persons

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20
Q

When does rapport with the patient take place?

A

Begins from the introduction and continues throughout the procedure

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21
Q

What is empathy?

A

Being able to enter the patient’s emotions

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22
Q

How can a technologist show empathy for their patient?

A

By seeing things from the patients perspective or emotional state

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23
Q

What is empathy different from?

A

Different from having sympathy or feeling sorry for the patient

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24
Q

When is restraining done?

A

To prevent the patient from injuring themselves

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25
Q

What must immobilization and restraint devices not interfere with?

A

A patient’s circulation or respiration

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25
Q

Who is responsible for ordering restraints?

A

Physicians

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25
Q

When are restraints for adults applied?

A

Applied before the patient arrives in radiology department

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25
Q

What do restraints consist of?

A

Wrist and ankle bands fastened to the bed or stretcher

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26
Q

What features should immobilization devices possess?

A
  • Radiolucency
  • Flexibility
  • Durability
  • Reproducibility
  • Safety and reliability
  • No image artifacts
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27
Q

What are the two types of immobilization devices?

A

Simple and involved

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28
Q

What do simple immobilization devices include?

A

Sandbags and sponges used to help a patient maintain a position

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29
Q

What do involved immobilization devices include?

A

More complex devices such as spinal trauma boards that hold patients completely still

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30
Q

What are types of immobilization devices?

A
  • Positioning sponges
  • Sheets
  • Sandbags
  • Velcro straps
  • Head clamps
  • Commercial devices
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31
Q

What are some other types of immobilization devices?

A
  • Cervical collar
  • Spine board
  • Splints
  • Sheet restraints
  • Commercial restraint devices
  • Stockinettes
  • Tape
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32
Q

What are routine applications of simple immobilization devices?

A

Sponges, sandbags, Velcro straps, plexiplate, compression bands and head clamps

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33
Q

What are complex immobilization techniques?

A
  • Mummy wrap technique
  • Securing a patient to a backboard
  • Commercial restraints
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34
Q

When are immobilization devices applied during trauma applications?

A

Before the patient arrives at the radiology department

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35
Q

What shouldn’t radiologist remove in trauma applications?

A

Should never remove immobilization devices that have been applied by EMTs

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36
Q

When should be the only time immobilization devices should be removed?

A

Only after the radiologist has read the initial radiographs as negative and physician has approved

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37
Q

How should immobilization devices be removed?

A

Slowly with the necessary assistance like sponges or padding to ensure patient comfort

38
Q

What qualities of trauma application immobilization devices should radiographers know about before imaging?

A

Which devices are radiolucent vs radiopaque

39
Q

Can radiographs be taken with radiopaque immobilization devices in place?

A

Yes it may be necessary to leave them on which will produce artifacts on the film

40
Q

What are immobilization devices used for spinal traumas?

A

Traction devices (backboards) and cervical collars

41
Q

How are AP spine views done with radiolucent backboards?

A

Done with the cassette placed under the backboard

42
Q

What is a backboard used for?

A

To keep the spine immobilized and support the body

43
Q

What are features of most backboards?

A

Made of radiolucent materials like wood or plastic

44
Q

What can backboards help facilitate?

A

Easy transfers of patients from the cart to the table

45
Q

What image view is completed to rule out a cervical spine fracture?

A

A cross-table lateral view of the cervical spine

46
Q

What are the next steps if a lateral view is questionable?

A

Additional views of the c-spine can be taken with the collar on

47
Q

When should a cervical collar be removed by a radiologist?

A

It should NEVER be removed before the radiologist has cleared the patient and R/O a spinal fracture

48
Q

What other situations are cervical collars used in?

A

During radiographic skull examinations

49
Q

How is movement affected by immobilization collars?

A

Movement of the patient is restricted and equipment must be moved instead

50
Q

What are ways equipment can be manipulated during head trauma exams?

A

Tube can be moved without turning the patient

51
Q

What may be evident with head traumas?

A

Bleeding from the nose or ears

52
Q

What devices may be present on extremity traumas?

A

Traction devices

53
Q

What are features of traction splints?

A

They are not always radiolucent

54
Q

What immobilization devices may be present in cases of abdominal trauma?

A

An anti-shock garment

55
Q

What are anti-shock garments used for?

A

To slow the rate of hemorrhage

56
Q

What are features of anti-shock garments?

A

Are always radiolucent

57
Q

What communication tactics be used with children?

A

Using terminology the child will understand

58
Q

What should be established with children when imaging them?

A

Trust and security

59
Q

How should department policies be used when pediatric situations are in play?

A

Should be observed on an individual case basis

60
Q

What should children never think of immobilization devices?

A

Should never think they’re being used as a form of punishment

61
Q

How should restraints be applied to children?

A

Should be applied gently without threats and force

62
Q

What is mummification?

A

An effective, simple and inexpensive and reliable method of restraining or immobilizing an infant

63
Q

What does mummification consist of?

A

Gently wrapping the small child in a sheet which limits motion

64
Q

What age range should mummification be used in?

A

Children who are too young to understand cooperation

65
Q

What are commercial upright restraints?

A

Pig-o-stat and Pedia-poser

66
Q

What do upright commercial restraints allow?

A

Allow the child to be rotated 360 degrees in the upright position

67
Q

What are upright restraints useful for?

A

Useful for taking CXR and ABX in upright positions

68
Q

What are commercial restraint boards?

A

Circumcision boards, Brat boards and Octastop boards

69
Q

What do restraint boards allow for?

A

Allow for rotation of the child in the recumbent position

70
Q

Which type of radiographs can be obtained with restraint boards?

A

AP, Oblique and laterals

71
Q

What should be used with tape restraints?

A

Cloth between the sticky side of tape and skin

72
Q

What is a stockinette?

A

A stretchable cotton fabric int he shape of a sleeve that is pulled over an extremity before a cast is placed

73
Q

What are stockinettes good for in imaging?

A

Good for immobilizing upper limbs above and behind the child’s head with tape

74
Q

What geriatric applications should be applied when it comes to immobilization?

A
  • Blankets for warmth
  • Radiolucent table pads and pillows for comfort
  • Sponges to reduce back strain
75
Q

What tips should be used for immobilizing patients?

A
  • Always explain and talk to your patient
  • Never cause harm by immobilizing
  • Make sure immobilization is not too tight
  • Immobilize for a short period of time
  • Never use the sticky side of tape directly on the skin
  • Never rely on immobilization alone to hold a patient
  • Seek first aide if injuries are sustained by use of immobilization
76
Q

What are reasons for immobilizing patients?

A
  • Protect the patient from bodily harm
  • Reduce the possibility of motion
  • Reduce radiation exposure
  • Ensure proper positioning
77
Q

What is a cervical spine often called?

A

Cspine

78
Q

How is a cross-table lateral cervical spine conducted?

A
  • Patient remains supine and immobilized
  • Xray tube is lowered and turned so that the CR is horizontal
  • Cassette is placed at the side of the patients head (below the shoulder) at a right angle
79
Q

What might a physician do to un-superimpose the shoulders in a cspine image?

A

Pull the patients arms down slightly

80
Q

What must be visualized in a LAT cspine?

A

All seven cervical vertebrae

81
Q

What are forms of noncommercial restraints?

A
  • Plexiglas
  • Velcro straps
  • Tape
  • Stockinette
82
Q

What is ambulatory?

A

Able to walk

83
Q

What is an artifact?

A

Substance or structure not naturally present but of which an authentic image appears on an image

84
Q

What are compression bands?

A

Waist immobilizers or safety straps

85
Q

What is flexion?

A

Act of bending or condition of being bent

86
Q

What is geriatric?

A

Pertaining to the treatment of the aged

87
Q

What is neonate?

A

Newborn infants

88
Q

What is pediatric?

A

Pertaining to the branch of medicine that treats children

89
Q

What is a pig - o - stat?

A

An upright restraint for children

90
Q

What is C7?

A

7th cervical spine

91
Q

What is CR?

A

Central ray

92
Q

What is EMT?

A

Emergency medical technician

93
Q

What does F stand for?

A

Female

94
Q

What does M stand for?

A

Male

95
Q

What is OFD?

A

Object film distance

96
Q

What is y/o or Y/O?

A

Year old

Patient Care (9 decks)

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