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Immobilization Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is immobilization?

A

A method of applying restrictive measures to prevent patient/part movement

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2
Q

What does immobilization and communication help to reduce?

A

Motion on radiographs

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3
Q

What does the slightest movement cause on radiographs?

A

Blurring

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4
Q

What is the most significant contributing factor to unacceptable image quality?

A

Motion distortion

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5
Q

What do positioning inaccuracies contribute to?

A

Suboptimum image quality

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6
Q

What does motion distortion result from?

A

Involuntary and voluntary patient movement

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7
Q

What does motion from patients result in?

A

The need to repeat radiographs and increase radiation exposure to the patient

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8
Q

What is critical to effective immobilization?

A

Communication

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9
Q

What exposure time should be used for immobilization?

A

Short exposure times

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10
Q

What can be used to assist in immobilization?

A

Immobilization aids

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11
Q

What else can be used as an effective way of facilitating good immobilization?

A

Empathy for the patients condition

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12
Q

What is voluntary motion?

A

Motion that can be controlled by the patient

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13
Q

When does voluntary motion occur?

A

As a result of inadequate communication by the technologist

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14
Q

What is involuntary motion?

A

Motion due to contributing factors such as temperature, shock, neurological disorders and medication

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15
Q

What is the most effective means of reducing motion and ensuring the patient cooperates?

A

Communication

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16
Q

How should the technologist give instructions to the patient?

A

Give patient instructions in simple terms the patient can understand

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17
Q

What non verbal instructions can be used to communicate?

A

Demonstrations and other methods

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18
Q

What does communication with the patient also include?

A

Establishing good rapport and showing empathy for the patient

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19
Q

What is rapport?

A

A relationship of harmony and accord between two persons

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20
Q

When does rapport with the patient take place?

A

Begins from the introduction and continues throughout the procedure

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21
Q

What is empathy?

A

Being able to enter the patient’s emotions

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22
Q

How can a technologist show empathy for their patient?

A

By seeing things from the patients perspective or emotional state

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23
Q

What is empathy different from?

A

Different from having sympathy or feeling sorry for the patient

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24
Q

When is restraining done?

A

To prevent the patient from injuring themselves

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25
What must immobilization and restraint devices not interfere with?
A patient's circulation or respiration
25
Who is responsible for ordering restraints?
Physicians
25
When are restraints for adults applied?
Applied before the patient arrives in radiology department
25
What do restraints consist of?
Wrist and ankle bands fastened to the bed or stretcher
26
What features should immobilization devices possess?
- Radiolucency - Flexibility - Durability - Reproducibility - Safety and reliability - No image artifacts
27
What are the two types of immobilization devices?
Simple and involved
28
What do simple immobilization devices include?
Sandbags and sponges used to help a patient maintain a position
29
What do involved immobilization devices include?
More complex devices such as spinal trauma boards that hold patients completely still
30
What are types of immobilization devices?
- Positioning sponges - Sheets - Sandbags - Velcro straps - Head clamps - Commercial devices
31
What are some other types of immobilization devices?
- Cervical collar - Spine board - Splints - Sheet restraints - Commercial restraint devices - Stockinettes - Tape
32
What are routine applications of simple immobilization devices?
Sponges, sandbags, Velcro straps, plexiplate, compression bands and head clamps
33
What are complex immobilization techniques?
- Mummy wrap technique - Securing a patient to a backboard - Commercial restraints
34
When are immobilization devices applied during trauma applications?
Before the patient arrives at the radiology department
35
What shouldn't radiologist remove in trauma applications?
Should never remove immobilization devices that have been applied by EMTs
36
When should be the only time immobilization devices should be removed?
Only after the radiologist has read the initial radiographs as negative and physician has approved
37
How should immobilization devices be removed?
Slowly with the necessary assistance like sponges or padding to ensure patient comfort
38
What qualities of trauma application immobilization devices should radiographers know about before imaging?
Which devices are radiolucent vs radiopaque
39
Can radiographs be taken with radiopaque immobilization devices in place?
Yes it may be necessary to leave them on which will produce artifacts on the film
40
What are immobilization devices used for spinal traumas?
Traction devices (backboards) and cervical collars
41
How are AP spine views done with radiolucent backboards?
Done with the cassette placed under the backboard
42
What is a backboard used for?
To keep the spine immobilized and support the body
43
What are features of most backboards?
Made of radiolucent materials like wood or plastic
44
What can backboards help facilitate?
Easy transfers of patients from the cart to the table
45
What image view is completed to rule out a cervical spine fracture?
A cross-table lateral view of the cervical spine
46
What are the next steps if a lateral view is questionable?
Additional views of the c-spine can be taken with the collar on
47
When should a cervical collar be removed by a radiologist?
It should NEVER be removed before the radiologist has cleared the patient and R/O a spinal fracture
48
What other situations are cervical collars used in?
During radiographic skull examinations
49
How is movement affected by immobilization collars?
Movement of the patient is restricted and equipment must be moved instead
50
What are ways equipment can be manipulated during head trauma exams?
Tube can be moved without turning the patient
51
What may be evident with head traumas?
Bleeding from the nose or ears
52
What devices may be present on extremity traumas?
Traction devices
53
What are features of traction splints?
They are not always radiolucent
54
What immobilization devices may be present in cases of abdominal trauma?
An anti-shock garment
55
What are anti-shock garments used for?
To slow the rate of hemorrhage
56
What are features of anti-shock garments?
Are always radiolucent
57
What communication tactics be used with children?
Using terminology the child will understand
58
What should be established with children when imaging them?
Trust and security
59
How should department policies be used when pediatric situations are in play?
Should be observed on an individual case basis
60
What should children never think of immobilization devices?
Should never think they're being used as a form of punishment
61
How should restraints be applied to children?
Should be applied gently without threats and force
62
What is mummification?
An effective, simple and inexpensive and reliable method of restraining or immobilizing an infant
63
What does mummification consist of?
Gently wrapping the small child in a sheet which limits motion
64
What age range should mummification be used in?
Children who are too young to understand cooperation
65
What are commercial upright restraints?
Pig-o-stat and Pedia-poser
66
What do upright commercial restraints allow?
Allow the child to be rotated 360 degrees in the upright position
67
What are upright restraints useful for?
Useful for taking CXR and ABX in upright positions
68
What are commercial restraint boards?
Circumcision boards, Brat boards and Octastop boards
69
What do restraint boards allow for?
Allow for rotation of the child in the recumbent position
70
Which type of radiographs can be obtained with restraint boards?
AP, Oblique and laterals
71
What should be used with tape restraints?
Cloth between the sticky side of tape and skin
72
What is a stockinette?
A stretchable cotton fabric int he shape of a sleeve that is pulled over an extremity before a cast is placed
73
What are stockinettes good for in imaging?
Good for immobilizing upper limbs above and behind the child's head with tape
74
What geriatric applications should be applied when it comes to immobilization?
- Blankets for warmth - Radiolucent table pads and pillows for comfort - Sponges to reduce back strain
75
What tips should be used for immobilizing patients?
- Always explain and talk to your patient - Never cause harm by immobilizing - Make sure immobilization is not too tight - Immobilize for a short period of time - Never use the sticky side of tape directly on the skin - Never rely on immobilization alone to hold a patient - Seek first aide if injuries are sustained by use of immobilization
76
What are reasons for immobilizing patients?
- Protect the patient from bodily harm - Reduce the possibility of motion - Reduce radiation exposure - Ensure proper positioning
77
What is a cervical spine often called?
Cspine
78
How is a cross-table lateral cervical spine conducted?
- Patient remains supine and immobilized - Xray tube is lowered and turned so that the CR is horizontal - Cassette is placed at the side of the patients head (below the shoulder) at a right angle
79
What might a physician do to un-superimpose the shoulders in a cspine image?
Pull the patients arms down slightly
80
What must be visualized in a LAT cspine?
All seven cervical vertebrae
81
What are forms of noncommercial restraints?
- Plexiglas - Velcro straps - Tape - Stockinette
82
What is ambulatory?
Able to walk
83
What is an artifact?
Substance or structure not naturally present but of which an authentic image appears on an image
84
What are compression bands?
Waist immobilizers or safety straps
85
What is flexion?
Act of bending or condition of being bent
86
What is geriatric?
Pertaining to the treatment of the aged
87
What is neonate?
Newborn infants
88
What is pediatric?
Pertaining to the branch of medicine that treats children
89
What is a pig - o - stat?
An upright restraint for children
90
What is C7?
7th cervical spine
91
What is CR?
Central ray
92
What is EMT?
Emergency medical technician
93
What does F stand for?
Female
94
What does M stand for?
Male
95
What is OFD?
Object film distance
96
What is y/o or Y/O?
Year old

Patient Care (10 decks)

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