Sacrum

Question 1

What part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?

Answer 1

the anterior two-thirds

Question 2

The costal element and true transverse process of the sacrum unite to form what feature?

Answer 2

the sacral ala

Question 3

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the first sacral vertebral body?

Answer 3

four

Question 4

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?

Answer 4

five

Question 5

What muscle(s) may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

Answer 5

psoas major

Question 6

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 6

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

Question 7

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

Answer 7

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 8

What is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior aricular proess?

Answer 8

mammillary process

Question 9

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of the sacrum will be replaced by what features?

Answer 9

transverse ridges

Question 10

An imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of the sacrum is identified as the

Answer 10

median sacral crest

Question 11

What forms the median sacral crest?

Answer 11

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

Question 12

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

Answer 12

knife clasp syndrome

Question 13

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

Answer 13

intermediate sacral crest

Question 14

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 14

fused articular processes and their facets

Question 15

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 15

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

Question 16

What does the sacral cornu represent?

Answer 16

the inferior articular process and facet of S5

Question 17

What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?

Answer 17

the sacral cornu

Question 18

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

Answer 18

the sacral hiatus

Question 19

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

Answer 19

the fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from S1-S5

Question 20

What is the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 20

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

Question 21

What is the name of the joint formed the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 21

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

Question 22

What muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?

Answer 22

iliacus

Question 23

What features is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

Answer 23

auricular surface

Question 24

What features does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rum of S1 form?

Answer 24

the sacral promontory

Question 25

The continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

Answer 25

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 26

What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 26

sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior scarococcygeal ligament and intercornual ligament

Question 27

What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 27

vertebral body S5, vertebral body of Co1, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervetbral disc

Question 28

What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

Answer 28

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 29

What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?

Answer 29

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 30

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 30

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 31

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?

Answer 31

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 32

What ligament is a homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5?

Answer 32

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 33

Waht ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 33

sacrospinous ligament

Question 34

Which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 34

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 35

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro-iliac joint?

Answer 35

anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 36

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves?

Answer 36

interosseous scaro-iliac ligament

Question 37

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 37

short posterior sacro-illiac ligaments

Question 38

Which ligament attach the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posteior superior ilaiac spine?

Answer 38

long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 39

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

Answer 39

intercornual ligament