Lumbar Spine/Typical Lumbar Spine L1-L4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology?

A

L1 and L5

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2
Q

What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5?

A

vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

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3
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

reniform or kidney-shaped

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4
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features?

A

anterior (lordotic)

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5
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body height and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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6
Q

What is the effect of againg on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae?

A

decrease in height, increasein circumference

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7
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar?

A

four

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8
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

six

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9
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

none

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10
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

two

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11
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

four

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12
Q

What muscles may attach to the first lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

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13
Q

What muscle(s) may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major

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14
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12, L1

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15
Q

What is the name given to the ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

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16
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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17
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified?

A

superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

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18
Q

What are the types of Hofmann ligaments?

A

anterior Hofmann, posterior Hofmann, lateral Hofmann ligaments and proximal root sleeve ligaments

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19
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

cervical - upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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20
Q

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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21
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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22
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movementsof the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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23
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segment levels

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24
Q

What is proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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25
What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligaments?
resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral formen
26
What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar?
posterior
27
The pedicle attaches at what location on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?
to the upper third or half of the vertebral body
28
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar?
ligamentum flavum
29
What joint classificaiton will be assiociated with the ligamentum flavum attachment?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
30
What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?
overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes
31
What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?
triangular
32
Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?
transverse
33
How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?
cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics smallest
34
What part of the central nerve system is present in the luimbar spine?
the conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1
35
What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?
the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4
36
Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?
each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length
37
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?
accessory process
38
A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?
7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process
39
What ligament(s) will attach to the lumbar accessory process?
mammillo-accessory ligament
40
What parts of the vertebra are attached via mammillo-accessory ligaments?
the mammillary process andaccessory process of the same ligament
41
What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?
the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbarspinal nerve
42
What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?
longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii
43
What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?
posas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus and intertransversarii
44
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lmbar vertebra?
the lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments
45
What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
46
What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?
zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process
47
What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?
vertebral body and pedicle
48
What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?
backward, upward, and medial (BUM); typically concave
49
What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?
forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity
50
What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?
multifidus and intertransversarii
51
What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?
mammillo-accessory ligament
52
What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?
the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve
53
What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular processes?
transforaminal ligaments
54
What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
55
How many synovial joints are present of a typical lumbar vertebra?
four
56
What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?
the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane
57
What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in the adults?
the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal planefor L1/L2, L2/L3 and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for the L4/L5 and L5/S1
58
What name is given to the zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?
joint symmetry
59
What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?
joint asymmetry or tropism
60
Defineor describe joint tropism.
the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position
61
What is the name(s) of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?
Basstrup's syndrome or "kissing spines"
62
What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?
latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
63
What muscles from the five layers of the true back are present in the lumbar spine?
first layer: latissimus dorsi second layer: none thrid layer: serratus posterior inferior fourth layer: erector spinae (iliocostalis, spinalis) fifth layer: transversospinalis muscles (multifidus, rotators)