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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Lumbar Spine/Typical Lumbar Spine L1-L4 > Flashcards

Lumbar Spine/Typical Lumbar Spine L1-L4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology?

A

L1 and L5

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2
Q

What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5?

A

vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

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3
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

reniform or kidney-shaped

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4
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features?

A

anterior (lordotic)

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5
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body height and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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6
Q

What is the effect of againg on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae?

A

decrease in height, increasein circumference

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7
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar?

A

four

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8
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

six

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9
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

none

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10
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

two

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11
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

four

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12
Q

What muscles may attach to the first lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

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13
Q

What muscle(s) may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major

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14
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12, L1

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15
Q

What is the name given to the ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

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16
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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17
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified?

A

superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

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18
Q

What are the types of Hofmann ligaments?

A

anterior Hofmann, posterior Hofmann, lateral Hofmann ligaments and proximal root sleeve ligaments

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19
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A

cervical - upper thoracic region and lumbar region

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20
Q

Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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21
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

A

C6

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22
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movementsof the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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23
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segment levels

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24
Q

What is proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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25
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligaments?

A

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral formen

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26
Q

What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar?

A

posterior

27
Q

The pedicle attaches at what location on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

to the upper third or half of the vertebral body

28
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar?

A

ligamentum flavum

29
Q

What joint classificaiton will be assiociated with the ligamentum flavum attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

30
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

31
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

triangular

32
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?

A

transverse

33
Q

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?

A

cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics smallest

34
Q

What part of the central nerve system is present in the luimbar spine?

A

the conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

35
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

36
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length

37
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

A

accessory process

38
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

39
Q

What ligament(s) will attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

40
Q

What parts of the vertebra are attached via mammillo-accessory ligaments?

A

the mammillary process andaccessory process of the same ligament

41
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbarspinal nerve

42
Q

What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

43
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

posas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus and intertransversarii

44
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lmbar vertebra?

A

the lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments

45
Q

What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

46
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

A

zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

47
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body and pedicle

48
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, and medial (BUM); typically concave

49
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD); significant convexity

50
Q

What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?

A

multifidus and intertransversarii

51
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

52
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

53
Q

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular processes?

A

transforaminal ligaments

54
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

55
Q

How many synovial joints are present of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

four

56
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

57
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in the adults?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal planefor L1/L2, L2/L3 and L3/L4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for the L4/L5 and L5/S1

58
Q

What name is given to the zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

A

joint symmetry

59
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?

A

joint asymmetry or tropism

60
Q

Defineor describe joint tropism.

A

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position

61
Q

What is the name(s) of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?

A

Basstrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

62
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

63
Q

What muscles from the five layers of the true back are present in the lumbar spine?

A

first layer: latissimus dorsi
second layer: none
thrid layer: serratus posterior inferior
fourth layer: erector spinae (iliocostalis, spinalis)
fifth layer: transversospinalis muscles (multifidus, rotators)

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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