Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C2/Axis/Epistropheus Flashcards
What name is given to C2?
axis or epistropheus
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
the dens or odontoid process
What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attchment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?
kyphotic dens
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
five
What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovail saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?
ten
What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthosis) symphysis
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?
lordotic dens
What ligaments willattach posteriorly, to the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?
membrana tectoria andposterior longitudinal ligament
What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
membrana tectoria
What ligeament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?
membran tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?
posterior longitudinal ligament
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
the superior articular process
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
on the lamina-pedicle junction
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum
What mucles attach to the lamina of C2?
obliquus capitis inferior
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facets of C2?
backward, upward, lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?
forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)
What muscles attach to the articular processes of C2?
longissimus cervicis
What osseous parts of the typical cervical transvere process are present C2?
costal element, posteior tubercle, true transverse process
What is the gender variation for the transverse diamter of C2?
males: fifty-seven millimeters
femlaes: about fifty millimeters
What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?
levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, and intertransversarii
What is the characteristic apperacnce of the C2 spinous process in humans?
bifid
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?
rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis muscles
