Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C2/Axis/Epistropheus

Question 1

What name is given to C2?

Answer 1

axis or epistropheus

Question 2

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

Answer 2

the dens or odontoid process

Question 3

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

Answer 3

facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attchment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental ligament

Question 4

Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2?

Answer 4

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

Question 5

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?

Answer 5

kyphotic dens

Question 6

How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

Answer 6

five

Question 7

What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?

Answer 7

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovail saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 8

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?

Answer 8

ten

Question 9

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

Answer 9

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (amphiarthosis) symphysis

Question 10

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?

Answer 10

lordotic dens

Question 11

What ligaments willattach posteriorly, to the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

Answer 11

membrana tectoria andposterior longitudinal ligament

Question 12

What ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 12

membrana tectoria

Question 13

What ligeament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

Answer 13

membran tectoria

Question 14

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

Answer 14

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 15

What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?

Answer 15

the superior articular process

Question 16

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?

Answer 16

on the lamina-pedicle junction

Question 17

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

Answer 17

obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum

Question 18

What mucles attach to the lamina of C2?

Answer 18

obliquus capitis inferior

Question 19

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facets of C2?

Answer 19

backward, upward, lateral (BUL)

Question 20

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

Answer 20

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

Question 21

What muscles attach to the articular processes of C2?

Answer 21

longissimus cervicis

Question 22

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transvere process are present C2?

Answer 22

costal element, posteior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 23

What is the gender variation for the transverse diamter of C2?

Answer 23

males: fifty-seven millimeters
femlaes: about fifty millimeters

Question 24

What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?

Answer 24

levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, and intertransversarii

Question 25

What is the characteristic apperacnce of the C2 spinous process in humans?

Answer 25

bifid

Question 26

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

Answer 26

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators, and interspinalis muscles