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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body,pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

longus colli

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4
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arach of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal ligament, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

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6
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

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7
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet?

A

they are elipitcal, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two seperate surfaces

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8
Q

What is the oreintation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward and medial (BUM)

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9
Q

What is the joint classificaiton of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

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10
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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11
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, and downward (BMD)

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12
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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13
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitis anterior

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14
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1?

A

about forty percent

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15
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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16
Q

What is the distance from the posteior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

male: about fifty millimeters; females: about thirty-seven millimeters

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17
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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18
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

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19
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

the posteior atlanto-occiptal ligament

20
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posteior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classifiction?

A

accessory bone

21
Q

What is the earlisest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior antlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age seven years old

22
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

a partial ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

23
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

24
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

25
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

26
Q

What is the general range of incidence of posticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1% - 41%

27
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

28
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus ponticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus?

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifty percent; the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as forty-one percent?

29
Q

What joint classification(s) may be observed on the posterior arch of C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

30
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” realtive to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

31
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

32
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process of C1 are absent?

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

33
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obiquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

34
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

35
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

36
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

37
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

38
Q

What are the possible conents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the subocciiptal nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

39
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

lateral bridges

40
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

41
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males: 78 mm
females: 72 mm

42
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 mm for both genders

43
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthodia) joint

44
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

45
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are aboserved at C1?

A

two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets and the fovea dentis

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (22 decks)

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