SAC 5 Flashcards
Process of sensation:
receiving sensory information via sensory organs then sending this information to brain.
Process of perception:
processing information of selecting, organising, and interpreting sensory information.
Visual sensation:
conscious awareness of visual information (interaction between the visual sensory system - internal and external environment).
Gustatory perception:
ability to taste, becoming consciously aware of flavour.
What is the eye responsible for:
- Receiving light
- Enable vision
The eye includes:
Photoreceptors: ‘sensory receptors’ of the eyes that receive light + convert information that can be sent to the brain.
Two types of photoreceptors:
Rods: see in low levels of light.
Cones: see color in well-lit conditions.
Top-down processing perception:
informed by prior knowledge and expectations which directs our attention.
Bottom-up processing perception:
salient sensory information ‘data-driven’ which is then integrated to form a bigger picture.
[GUSTATION] PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:
Past experience, emotion, product packaging
[GUSTATION] BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:
Age & Genetics:
Taste buds regenerate quicker the younger you are.
Illness:
If sense of smell is reduced, your brain is not receiving the full range of sensations that combine to give food its flavor.
Pregnancy:
Biological change in taste (increased/decreased response to sweets).
[GUSTATION] SOCIAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:
Influenced by learned experiences + cultural factors at both family and societal levels.
Food culture:
Attitude, behaviors, customs and values around food which we were raised with.
Song lines:
Interweaving of food + culture is also apparent in the cultures of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
SYNAESTHESIA:
Presentation of stimulus from one sensorial system triggers a response in another sensorial system
SUPERTASTERS:
individual who is highly sensitive to taste, inheriting a higher number of papillae than usual.
MONOCULAR DEPTH CUES:
Accommodation, requires only one eye to send information to the brain.
Accommodation in monocular depth cues:
ability of the eye to change focus from near to distant objects and back again.
Relative size: monocular
Two similar objects cast different-sized images on the retina. Larger image = closer.
Height in the visual field: monocular
vertical distance from horizon allows us to gauge distance.
Linear perspective: monocular
Parallel lines converge as they recede into the distance but are separated up close.
Interposition: monocular
Objects closer to us overlap things further away from us, allowing one to gauge distance of objects.
Texture gradient: monocular
To judge how far away objects are. The closer we are, the greater the detail of texture we can see.
SPATIAL NEGLECT:
Development of neurological conditions, (consequence of a stroke).
Unable to attend to one side of their body or perceive visual stimuli in one side of their visual field.
[SPATIAL NEGLECT] - effect on perception:
affect quality of life, inability to perceive part of the world (impairment of functioning can lead to accidents.)
RESEARCH DATA: [Primary data]
Researcher themselves collected directly from the source.
RESEARCH DATA: [Secondary data]
Already gathered by another party. (Questionnaires, experiments, observations, etc.)
Sensation process order:
1) Reception
(sensory info received)
2) Transduction
(info converted into neural impulse)
3) Transmission
(info sent to brain for perceptual processing)
Perception process order:
1) Selection
(Certain features are attended, rest discarded)
2) Organization
(Selected features regrouped so they cohesively arrange)
3) Interpretation
(Meaning is assigned)
BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES
Retinal disparity, convergence.
Functions of the eye: [iris]
Controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
Functions of the eye: [retina]
Captures the light rays focussed by the lens and sends impulses to the brain via the optic nerve.
Functions of the eye: [cornea]
A thin membrane which provides focussing power.
Functions of the eye: [ciliary muscles]
Contracts and extends in order to change the lens shape for focusing.
Functions of the eye: [optic nerve]
Transmits electrical signals to the brain.
Functions of the eye: [pupil]
Opens and closes in order to regulate and control the amount of light.
Functions of the eye: [Aqueous humour]
Provides power to the cornea.
Functions of the eye: [Vitreous humour]
Provides the eye with its form and shape.
Type of synaesthesia:
In grapheme-colour synaesthesia , individual perceives letters and numbers as consistently being different colours.
Types of attention:
Sustained, selective, divided.
Sustained attention:
high degree of attention over long periods of time.
Selective attention:
focussing on a single activity while disregarding other environmental stimuli.
Divided attention:
distributing attention to allow the processing of two or more stimuli at the same time.
