SAC 5

Question 1

Process of sensation:

Answer 1

receiving sensory information via sensory organs then sending this information to brain.

Question 2

Process of perception:

Answer 2

processing information of selecting, organising, and interpreting sensory information.

Question 3

Visual sensation:

Answer 3

conscious awareness of visual information (interaction between the visual sensory system - internal and external environment).

Question 4

Gustatory perception:

Answer 4

ability to taste, becoming consciously aware of flavour.

Question 5

What is the eye responsible for:

Answer 5

• Receiving light
• Enable vision

Question 6

The eye includes:

Answer 6

Photoreceptors: ‘sensory receptors’ of the eyes that receive light + convert information that can be sent to the brain.

Question 7

Two types of photoreceptors:

Answer 7

Rods: see in low levels of light.
Cones: see color in well-lit conditions.

Question 8

Top-down processing perception:

Answer 8

informed by prior knowledge and expectations which directs our attention.

Question 9

Bottom-up processing perception:

Answer 9

salient sensory information ‘data-driven’ which is then integrated to form a bigger picture.

Question 10

[GUSTATION] PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:

Answer 10

Past experience, emotion, product packaging

Question 11

[GUSTATION] BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:

Answer 11

Age & Genetics:
Taste buds regenerate quicker the younger you are.

Illness:
If sense of smell is reduced, your brain is not receiving the full range of sensations that combine to give food its flavor.

Pregnancy:
Biological change in taste (increased/decreased response to sweets).

Question 12

[GUSTATION] SOCIAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT TASTE:

Answer 12

Influenced by learned experiences + cultural factors at both family and societal levels.

Food culture:
Attitude, behaviors, customs and values around food which we were raised with.

Song lines:
Interweaving of food + culture is also apparent in the cultures of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Question 13

SYNAESTHESIA:

Answer 13

Presentation of stimulus from one sensorial system triggers a response in another sensorial system

Question 14

SUPERTASTERS:

Answer 14

individual who is highly sensitive to taste, inheriting a higher number of papillae than usual.

Question 15

MONOCULAR DEPTH CUES:

Answer 15

Accommodation, requires only one eye to send information to the brain.

Question 16

Accommodation in monocular depth cues:

Answer 16

ability of the eye to change focus from near to distant objects and back again.

Question 17

Relative size: monocular

Answer 17

Two similar objects cast different-sized images on the retina. Larger image = closer.

Question 18

Height in the visual field: monocular

Answer 18

vertical distance from horizon allows us to gauge distance.

Question 19

Linear perspective: monocular

Answer 19

Parallel lines converge as they recede into the distance but are separated up close.

Question 20

Interposition: monocular

Answer 20

Objects closer to us overlap things further away from us, allowing one to gauge distance of objects.

Question 21

Texture gradient: monocular

Answer 21

To judge how far away objects are. The closer we are, the greater the detail of texture we can see.

Question 22

SPATIAL NEGLECT:

Answer 22

Development of neurological conditions, (consequence of a stroke).

Unable to attend to one side of their body or perceive visual stimuli in one side of their visual field.

Question 23

[SPATIAL NEGLECT] - effect on perception:

Answer 23

affect quality of life, inability to perceive part of the world (impairment of functioning can lead to accidents.)

Question 24

RESEARCH DATA: [Primary data]

Answer 24

Researcher themselves collected directly from the source.

Question 25

RESEARCH DATA: [Secondary data]

Answer 25

Already gathered by another party. (Questionnaires, experiments, observations, etc.)

Question 26

Sensation process order:

Answer 26

1) Reception
(sensory info received)

2) Transduction
(info converted into neural impulse)

3) Transmission
(info sent to brain for perceptual processing)

Question 27

Perception process order:

Answer 27

1) Selection
(Certain features are attended, rest discarded)

2) Organization
(Selected features regrouped so they cohesively arrange)

3) Interpretation
(Meaning is assigned)

Question 28

BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES

Answer 28

Retinal disparity, convergence.

Question 29

Functions of the eye: [iris]

Answer 29

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 30

Functions of the eye: [retina]

Answer 30

Captures the light rays focussed by the lens and sends impulses to the brain via the optic nerve.

Question 31

Functions of the eye: [cornea]

Answer 31

A thin membrane which provides focussing power.

Question 32

Functions of the eye: [ciliary muscles]

Answer 32

Contracts and extends in order to change the lens shape for focusing.

Question 33

Functions of the eye: [optic nerve]

Answer 33

Transmits electrical signals to the brain.

Question 34

Functions of the eye: [pupil]

Answer 34

Opens and closes in order to regulate and control the amount of light.

Question 35

Functions of the eye: [Aqueous humour]

Answer 35

Provides power to the cornea.

Question 36

Functions of the eye: [Vitreous humour]

Answer 36

Provides the eye with its form and shape.

Question 37

Type of synaesthesia:

Answer 37

In grapheme-colour synaesthesia , individual perceives letters and numbers as consistently being different colours.

Question 38

Types of attention:

Answer 38

Sustained, selective, divided.

Question 39

Sustained attention:

Answer 39

high degree of attention over long periods of time.

Question 40

Selective attention:

Answer 40

focussing on a single activity while disregarding other environmental stimuli.

Question 41

Divided attention:

Answer 41

distributing attention to allow the processing of two or more stimuli at the same time.