Sac 1 Flashcards
What is the rule for cell divison
cell number=2^n.of cell divisons
How stem cells are used in body
When commited they turn into specialised cells for growth,repair or maintenance
For diffrent cell types the cell divisons
Somatic cells(body cells) undego mitosis
Germ cells(sex/gametes) undergo meiosis
How long does cells undergo mitosis
14-20hrs
Cytokenisis for plant and animals
Animal cells create cleavage furrows to pinch apart cells
Plant cells create a cell plate that becomes the cell wall between the two
Rough Endolasmic Reticulum purpose
Rough: protein synthesis
Smooth: makes and stores lipids
Site for cellular respiration
Cellular Transport System
Syndactyly…
Apoptosis sometimes fails to occur in the cells of the webbing between fingers and toes during embryo development.
What can create neoplasms and possibly lead to cancer.
The regulation of the cell cycle can be disrupted by a number of factors and result in uncontrolled cell division
;DNA change can cause genes involved in normal cell growth to become oncogenes.
What are mutagens?
Agents that cause or increase the frequency of
mutations in DNA.
What are three main types of Carcinogens
Carcinogens are a form of mutagen that cause cancer
Chemical ( e.g. Tobacco Smoke, Alcohol, Drugs, Thalidomide)
2.) Physical ( e.g. UV Light, X-Rays, Nuclear Radiation) e.g. Sun exposure causes p53 Tumour Suppressor Mutation. 3.) Biological ( e.g. Viruses that carry oncogenes – HPV [Human Papillomavirus] ) Immune System dysfunction can also result in the growth of neoplastic cell populations.
