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Biology 1/2 > Ecosystem Interactions > Flashcards

Ecosystem Interactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the levels of Organisation

What is: Biosphere
Biomes
Ecosystem
Community
Species
Population

Give small definition

A

Biosphere: All areas if earth that support life
Biomes: Major terrestrial community found in diffrent area with similar climate
Ecosystem: All population in one area interacting including the enviroment (Like rain, co2,soil..)
Community: Interacting populations in one area
Species-A group of organisms that can interbreed
Population-A group of individuals of some species, interacting in one area
Organism-An living indivual

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2
Q

What is Abiotic Factors

A

The non living facotrs; tempretautre, precipitation,pH levels, salinity

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3
Q

What is Biotic factors

A

Living organisms, that shapes enviroment; producers, decomposers, prey species, competiers…

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4
Q

What is range of tolerence?

A

All species have requiremnts for the abiotic and biotic factors for them to survive.

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5
Q

What is a microhabitat?

A

It lies within the habitat, its the diffrence in physical condition;The top branches of a fern is dry, unlike below the fern.

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6
Q

What is a niche?

A

It is a role the organism plays in a community, how it interacts with others and uses resources

**No two organisms can occupy exactly the same niche at the same time, t

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7
Q

What are niche generalists and specialists?

A

Generalists:
Broader tolerances
Eats lots of types of food
Lives in many types of enviroments

Specialists:
Narriower Tolerances(More at risk)
Eats narrow range of food
Live in specific habitats

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8
Q

What is interdependent?

A

Organisms depend on each other for survival.(Interactions)

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9
Q

What is the interaction between different species called?

A

Interspecific interactions

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10
Q

What is the interaction between same species known as?

A

INTRASPECIFIC interactions

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11
Q

What is competetion?

A

When two species uses the same resources, theyre are competeting.It does not necassairality mean contact, it could be by means of effects on the resources- Indirect competetion

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12
Q

Define the types

Types of competition

A

Intraspecific- Competition between same species individuals
Interspecific-Competition between individuals of diffrent species

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13
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Is any close relationship living togerther of two specicies

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14
Q

What is mutalism(Expand on both types)

A

It is a win, win both benifit
Facultative mutualism:When both benifit but tbh like bros can survivie without each other
Obligate mutualism: Both needs each other to survive, bro pls I need u

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15
Q

What is commenalism?

A

It is when one species is benifited and the other is neither harmed or benifited. But it is found the other is sometimes benifited somehow.
Eg. Epiphyte grows on the surface of a plant for physical support and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water or from debris accumulating around it. Not parasitic.

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16
Q

What is paratism?

A

Where an organism feeds/lives on host, host is often weaknd but not killed.

17
Q

What is Amensalism

A

This is when one species incidently kills another species with no effect on the one doing the act. For example: Cattle trampling over vegetation

18
Q

What is predation?

A

Organism feeds on another organism(Carnivores)

19
Q

Review- Biosphere concept map

20
Q

What is a producer?

A

(Autotrops) they make their own food, via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

21
Q

What is a consumer?

A

(Hetrotroph) Relys on other organisms for food by eating them.

22
Q

What is a detrivore and decomposer?

A

Detrivore feeds on dead animals and waste products( Like earthworm and beetle)
Decomposer release chemicals to breakdown dead matter, they are the final breakdown of materials in a ecosystem(Fungi, bacteria)

23
Q

Where does energy start from most of the time in a food chain?

A

Starts from the sun(or earths core)

24
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Food chain is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

25
Q

What are the types of consumers?

A

Primary consumer, secondary consumers,Tertiary consumer, Quaternary consumer, at the top Apex predators

26
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

The first consumer that eats a producer(Herbivores)

27
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

The consumer that eats the primary consumer(Carnivore)

28
Q

What is tertiary consumer?

A

The consumer that eats the secondary consumer

29
Q

What is quarternary consumer?

A

The consumer that eats the tertiary consumer

30
Q

Can you find a ominivore in a food chain? How about detrivores and decomposers?

A

No, because food chain is one continous flow of energy as one pathway.

31
Q

What do you include in a food chain under each organism

A

You have to include;
1. Producer or consumer level
2. Consumer type
2. Autotroph or hetrotroph
3. The trophic level
4. What type of eater they are, herbivore or carnivore

Example
Mouse;
2(Little degree symbol) consumer
Secondary consumer
(Hetrotroph)
Trophic level 4(T.L.3)
Carnivore

32
Q

How much of energy is passed on shown in food pyramids? and why??

A

Only 10% of energy is transfered from the next trophic level because most energy is lost as heat or undigested food.

33
Q

What is a primary productivity?

A

Is when organic material is created in an ecosystem by producers

34
Q

Definiton and example

What is a keystone species?

A

An organism that plays a critical role by stablising the ecosystem.If they were removed from the ecosystem it would play a drastic effect, unstabling the ecosystem. These can be a huge predator or plant.

35
Q

What is a trophic cascade??

A

It is where a loss one trophic level can cause large increases or decreases in the survival of other trophic level, disrupting ecosystem inderdependencies.

36
Q

Is interactions between species classified as benifical?

A

No, it can be benifical, benign, or harmful

37
Q

Would the loss of one species have more of a drastic effect on a simple food web or a complex food web?

A

Simple food web

38
Q

Yes/no

Do keystone species need to be abundant or be a top predator

A

No

Biology 1/2 (6 decks)

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