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Treasa ACVD Study > SA Viral (NAVDF 2023) > Flashcards

SA Viral (NAVDF 2023) Flashcards

1
Q

FIV: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

Retrovirus

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2
Q

FeLV: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

Retrovirus

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3
Q

FIP: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

Coronavirus

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4
Q

Canine Distemper: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

Paramyxovirus

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5
Q

Feline Calicivirus: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

Calicivirus

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6
Q

Feline Poxvirus (Cowpox): DNA or RNA virus?

A

DNA

Poxvirus

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7
Q

Orf: DNA or RNA virus?

A

DNA

Poxvirus

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8
Q

Feline rhinotracheitis: DNA or RNA virus?

A

DNA

Herpes virus

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9
Q

Papillomavirus: DNA or RNA virus?

A

DNA

Papillomavirus

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10
Q

Virus associated with Bowens in situ SCC

A

FcaPV-2 (3, 4 less common)
FeLV

(+/- FIV)

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11
Q

Virus that causes cutaneous horns on feline pads, eyelids

A

FeLV

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12
Q

FIV transmission

A

Bite wounds

(vertical transmission is rare)

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13
Q

IHC stain for FeLV

A

gp70

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14
Q

Dermatologic lesions associated with FIP

A

Erythema, ulcers on head and neck. Vasculitis

(Uveitis, respiratory disease, peritonitis)

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15
Q

Histopathology of cutaneous findings from FIP

A

Vasculitis

Viral Ag in blood vessel walls

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16
Q

T or F: Canine Distemper virus is reportable

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Dermatologic sign of canine distemper virus

A

Hard pad disease

*Nasodigital hyperkeratosis
*Impetigo in young puppies

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18
Q

Histopath of canine distemper virus

A

Orthokeratotic + parakeratotic hyperkeratosis

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (rare nuclear inclusions)

IHC shows virus in haired skin, foot pads

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19
Q

Clinical signs of feline calicivirus

A

*Vesicles in mouth, nasal –>ulcers
*Sneezing, conjunctivitis
*Transient feline limping syndrome (resolves in a few days)
*Hemorrhagic/virulent form: 30-50% mortality 2’ sepsis. More common in adults

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20
Q

Diagnosis of feline calicivirus + histopath findings

A

PCR test: swab oropharynx or conjunctiva

Histopath: epidermal necrosis, ballooning degeneration of KCs, vasculitis

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21
Q

Which species can develop Cowpox?

A

Cats!

ZOONOTIC- reportable. Fatal to immunocompromised humans

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22
Q

Transmission of feline poxvirus

A

Direct (wounds from rodents) fomites

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23
Q

Reservoir for feline poxvirus

A

Rodents

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24
Q

Seasonality of feline poxvirus

A

More common in summer, fall when there is a higher rodent population

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25
Q

Cutaneous lesions of feline poxvirus

A

Pocks = crater-like skin lesions

“Necro-ulcerative dermatitis”

Primary: Ulcerated nodule on head, neck, forelimb

Secondary lesion (nodules ulcerate and develop into): craters with crust

(possible oral vesicles, 20%)

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26
Q

Prognosis of feline poxvirus in exotic felids

A

Fatal pneumonia

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27
Q

Treatment for feline poxvirus

A

None. AVOID GLUCOCORTICOIDS

Clean with disinfectants, bleach

Scarring permanent, Lesions heal over 4-5w

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28
Q

Which small animal species have reported orf

A

Dogs (rare), 1 cat
Pack of hounds that fed on sheep carcasses

Main species = ovine, caprine

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29
Q

T or F: Most cats that recover from feline herpesvirus become carriers

A

True. 80% shed intermittently lifelong

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30
Q

Where does the herpesvirus live in the cat (nerve)?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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31
Q

Cutaneous signs of feline herpes virus

A

Ulcers on nasal planum, bridge of nose, periocular, trunk, footpads

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32
Q

Are adult or kittens more often affected by feline herpesvirus dermatitis

A

Adults

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33
Q

Predominant cell type on cytology of FHV1

A

Eosinophils (+ neutrophils)

34
Q

T or F: PCR of FHV1 in skin sample has 100% sensitivity for feline herpesviral dermatitis

A

True. 95% specificity

35
Q

What is the unique feature of FHV1 on histopath

A

Necrosis of sweat glands

Prominent eosinophils

36
Q

Treatment for FHV1

A

1) Avoid glucocorticoids, reduce stress
2) Famciclovir (120mg PO BID)
3) Topical imiquimod 2-3d/w
4) No benefit from oral lysine
5) Interferon: human INF-alpha or feline INF-omega

37
Q

Which CPV is associated with ORAL papillomatosis

38
Q

Which CPV is associated with cutaneous papillomatosis

A

CPV 1, 2, 6, 7

  • Exophytic cutaneous papillomas
  • Cutaneous inverted papillomas
  • Venereal papillomas
  • Multiple papillomas of the footpad
39
Q

Which CPV is associated with pigmented viral plaques

A

CPV 3-16 EXCEPT 6, 7, 13

40
Q

Which cell layer initially becomes infected with CPV

A

Basal cells (from contact with mucosa or injury to skin)

41
Q

Where in epidermis are E6 and E7 of CPV produced

A

Basal/deep layers

E6 and E7 amplify viral genome

42
Q

Where in epidermis are L1 and L2 of CPV expressed

A

Closer to epidermal surface

Capsid proteins, viral assembly

43
Q

What happens once CPV-infected KC is sloughed

A

KC lyses, and viral particles are released to their neighbors

44
Q

T or F: IgG against CPV can help prevent future CPV infections

A

True. IgG blocks CPV entry into basal cells

45
Q

T or F: IgG against CPV can resolve a current infection

A

False

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY RESOLVES INFECTION

46
Q

What type of immunity is needed to clear CPV: humoral or cell-mediated

A

Cell mediated

47
Q

What happens to CPV in each layer of the epidermis

A

Basale: CPV infects basal cells

Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum: CPV replicates. Large keratohyalin granules in SG

Stratum corneum: New virus released from here. Koilocytes

48
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene does E6 affect

49
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene does E7 affect

50
Q

Treatment for oral papillomatosis

A

Azithromycin?

Cryotherapy, crushing, laser – stimulate immune response

IFN oral

Imiquimod

Autologous/recombinant vaccine

51
Q

Most common age for oral papillomatosis? For Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis?

A

Oral: Young
Exophytic cutaneous: Older

52
Q

Breed, sex predilection for Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis

A

Breed: Kerry blue terrier, cocker spaniel

Male > Female

53
Q

How long does it take for Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis to regress spontaneously

A

6-12 months, unless immunosuppressed

54
Q

Age, breed predispositon for inverted cutaneous papilloma

A

<3 yr old

Beagle, Bernese mountain dog, cocker spaniel, great dane, Irish setter, Kerry blue terrier, whippets

55
Q

Clinical lesion, body location of inverted cutaneous papilloma

A

Cup-shape with pore opening

Ventral abdomen

56
Q

T or F: Pedal papillomas often spontaneously regress

A

FALSE.

Tx: Keratolytic products vs surgery

Young dogs

57
Q

Breeds predisposed to Canine pigmented viral plaques

A

Pug, Mini schnauzer

Boston terrier, Frenchie

58
Q

Body location of Canine pigmented viral plaques

A

Ventral abdomen, thorax, medial thighs

RARE SCC TRANSFORMATION

59
Q

T or F: Pigmented viral plaques could transform to SCC

60
Q

IHC markers for Papillomavirus

A

L1 protein (active replication)

p16 marker (inactive replication)

61
Q

Histopath cell classic for CPV

A

Koilocytes in Stratum spinosum

62
Q

Location of inclusion bodies (intranuclear, intracytoplasmic) of CPV, FHV

A

Intranuclear

63
Q

Cause of Feline Sarcoid

64
Q

Other name for Feline sarcoid

A

Feline cutaneous fibropapilloma

65
Q

Signalment of Feline Sarcoid patient

A

Young cat, <5 yr
Cattle exposure

Male

66
Q

Body site for Feline Sarcoid

A

Nodular masses on head, neck, digits

67
Q

Histopath for feline sarcoid

A

Picket fence-like appearance of fibroblastic cells
over hyperplastic epidermis

68
Q

Most COMMON causative agent of feline viral plaques

A

FcaPV-2

(also FcaPV 3, 4)

69
Q

Age of cats with viral plaques

A

Older age

Underlying immunosuppression (FIV/FeLV/ GC therapy)

70
Q

Body lesion with feline viral plaques

71
Q

Concurrent infection that can occur with feline viral plaques

72
Q

Concern with unmanaged feline viral plaques

A

Transformation to BISC

73
Q

What is the major causative agent for BISC

A

FcaPV-2 (33%+)

Long lasting dysplasia leads to neoplasia

Also many are FIV/FeLV+

74
Q

Treatment for feline BISC

A

Laser, IFN-alpha, strontium 90 plesiotherapy

75
Q

Famciclovir MOA

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

76
Q

Imiquimod MOA

A

Immunostimulant

Binds TLR7; induces NFkB + proinflammatory cytokines

77
Q

What is the etiology of nasal SCC in cats if positive for p16? Prognosis?

A

Viral etiology if + for p16; longer survival than p16 negative!

Associated with FcaPV2

78
Q

What virus causes Giant Cell Dermatosis

A

FeLV (+gp70)
*Multinucleated keratinocytes
*Head/neck alopecia, pruritus, ulcers
*Progressive, die quickly

79
Q

Feline oral papilloma virus

A

FcaPV 1, 2

80
Q

Feline exophytic papilloma virus

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