SA Viral (NAVDF 2023)

Question 1

FIV: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 1

RNA

Retrovirus

Question 2

FeLV: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 2

RNA

Retrovirus

Question 3

FIP: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 3

RNA

Coronavirus

Question 4

Canine Distemper: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 4

RNA

Paramyxovirus

Question 5

Feline Calicivirus: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 5

RNA

Calicivirus

Question 6

Feline Poxvirus (Cowpox): DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 6

DNA

Poxvirus

Question 7

Orf: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 7

DNA

Poxvirus

Question 8

Feline rhinotracheitis: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 8

DNA

Herpes virus

Question 9

Papillomavirus: DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 9

DNA

Papillomavirus

Question 10

Virus associated with Bowens in situ SCC

Answer 10

FcaPV-2 (3, 4 less common)
FeLV

(+/- FIV)

Question 11

Virus that causes cutaneous horns on feline pads, eyelids

Answer 11

FeLV

Question 12

FIV transmission

Answer 12

Bite wounds

(vertical transmission is rare)

Question 13

IHC stain for FeLV

Answer 13

gp70

Question 14

Dermatologic lesions associated with FIP

Answer 14

Erythema, ulcers on head and neck. Vasculitis

(Uveitis, respiratory disease, peritonitis)

Question 15

Histopathology of cutaneous findings from FIP

Answer 15

Vasculitis

Viral Ag in blood vessel walls

Question 16

T or F: Canine Distemper virus is reportable

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Dermatologic sign of canine distemper virus

Answer 17

Hard pad disease

*Nasodigital hyperkeratosis
*Impetigo in young puppies

Question 18

Histopath of canine distemper virus

Answer 18

Orthokeratotic + parakeratotic hyperkeratosis

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (rare nuclear inclusions)

IHC shows virus in haired skin, foot pads

Question 19

Clinical signs of feline calicivirus

Answer 19

*Vesicles in mouth, nasal –>ulcers
*Sneezing, conjunctivitis
*Transient feline limping syndrome (resolves in a few days)
*Hemorrhagic/virulent form: 30-50% mortality 2’ sepsis. More common in adults

Question 20

Diagnosis of feline calicivirus + histopath findings

Answer 20

PCR test: swab oropharynx or conjunctiva

Histopath: epidermal necrosis, ballooning degeneration of KCs, vasculitis

Question 21

Which species can develop Cowpox?

Answer 21

Cats!

ZOONOTIC- reportable. Fatal to immunocompromised humans

Question 22

Transmission of feline poxvirus

Answer 22

Direct (wounds from rodents) fomites

Question 23

Reservoir for feline poxvirus

Answer 23

Rodents

Question 24

Seasonality of feline poxvirus

Answer 24

More common in summer, fall when there is a higher rodent population

Question 25

Cutaneous lesions of feline poxvirus

Answer 25

Pocks = crater-like skin lesions "Necro-ulcerative dermatitis" Primary: Ulcerated nodule on head, neck, forelimb Secondary lesion (nodules ulcerate and develop into): craters with crust (possible oral vesicles, 20%)

Question 26

Prognosis of feline poxvirus in exotic felids

Answer 26

Fatal pneumonia

Question 27

Treatment for feline poxvirus

Answer 27

None. AVOID GLUCOCORTICOIDS Clean with disinfectants, bleach Scarring permanent, Lesions heal over 4-5w

Question 28

Which small animal species have reported orf

Answer 28

Dogs (rare), 1 cat Pack of hounds that fed on sheep carcasses Main species = ovine, caprine

Question 29

T or F: Most cats that recover from feline herpesvirus become carriers

Answer 29

True. 80% shed intermittently lifelong

Question 30

Where does the herpesvirus live in the cat (nerve)?

Answer 30

Trigeminal ganglion

Question 31

Cutaneous signs of feline herpes virus

Answer 31

Ulcers on nasal planum, bridge of nose, periocular, trunk, footpads

Question 32

Are adult or kittens more often affected by feline herpesvirus dermatitis

Answer 32

Adults

Question 33

Predominant cell type on cytology of FHV1

Answer 33

Eosinophils (+ neutrophils)

Question 34

T or F: PCR of FHV1 in skin sample has 100% sensitivity for feline herpesviral dermatitis

Answer 34

True. 95% specificity

Question 35

What is the unique feature of FHV1 on histopath

Answer 35

**Necrosis of sweat glands** Prominent eosinophils

Question 36

Treatment for FHV1

Answer 36

1) Avoid glucocorticoids, reduce stress 2) Famciclovir (120mg PO BID) 3) Topical imiquimod 2-3d/w 4) No benefit from oral lysine 5) Interferon: human INF-alpha or feline INF-omega

Question 37

Which CPV is associated with ORAL papillomatosis

Answer 37

CPV1

Question 38

Which CPV is associated with cutaneous papillomatosis

Answer 38

CPV 1, 2, 6, 7 * Exophytic cutaneous papillomas * Cutaneous inverted papillomas * Venereal papillomas * Multiple papillomas of the footpad

Question 39

Which CPV is associated with pigmented viral plaques

Answer 39

CPV 3-16 EXCEPT 6, 7, 13

Question 40

Which cell layer initially becomes infected with CPV

Answer 40

Basal cells (from contact with mucosa or injury to skin)

Question 41

Where in epidermis are E6 and E7 of CPV produced

Answer 41

Basal/deep layers E6 and E7 amplify viral genome

Question 42

Where in epidermis are L1 and L2 of CPV expressed

Answer 42

Closer to epidermal surface Capsid proteins, viral assembly

Question 43

What happens once CPV-infected KC is sloughed

Answer 43

KC lyses, and viral particles are released to their neighbors

Question 44

T or F: IgG against CPV can help prevent future CPV infections

Answer 44

True. IgG blocks CPV entry into basal cells

Question 45

T or F: IgG against CPV can resolve a current infection

Answer 45

False CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY RESOLVES INFECTION

Question 46

What type of immunity is needed to clear CPV: humoral or cell-mediated

Answer 46

Cell mediated

Question 47

What happens to CPV in each layer of the epidermis

Answer 47

Basale: CPV infects basal cells Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum: CPV replicates. Large keratohyalin granules in SG Stratum corneum: New virus released from here. Koilocytes

Question 48

Which tumor suppressor gene does E6 affect

Answer 48

p53

Question 49

Which tumor suppressor gene does E7 affect

Answer 49

pRb

Question 50

Treatment for oral papillomatosis

Answer 50

Azithromycin? Cryotherapy, crushing, laser -- stimulate immune response IFN oral Imiquimod Autologous/recombinant vaccine

Question 51

Most common age for oral papillomatosis? For Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis?

Answer 51

Oral: Young Exophytic cutaneous: Older

Question 52

Breed, sex predilection for Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis

Answer 52

Breed: Kerry blue terrier, cocker spaniel Male > Female

Question 53

How long does it take for Exophytic cutaneous papillomatosis to regress spontaneously

Answer 53

6-12 months, unless immunosuppressed

Question 54

Age, breed predispositon for inverted cutaneous papilloma

Answer 54

<3 yr old Beagle, Bernese mountain dog, cocker spaniel, great dane, Irish setter, Kerry blue terrier, whippets

Question 55

Clinical lesion, body location of inverted cutaneous papilloma

Answer 55

Cup-shape with pore opening Ventral abdomen

Question 56

T or F: Pedal papillomas often spontaneously regress

Answer 56

FALSE. Tx: Keratolytic products vs surgery Young dogs

Question 57

Breeds predisposed to Canine pigmented viral plaques

Answer 57

Pug, Mini schnauzer Boston terrier, Frenchie

Question 58

Body location of Canine pigmented viral plaques

Answer 58

Ventral abdomen, thorax, medial thighs RARE SCC TRANSFORMATION

Question 59

T or F: Pigmented viral plaques could transform to SCC

Answer 59

TRUE

Question 60

IHC markers for Papillomavirus

Answer 60

L1 protein (active replication) p16 marker (inactive replication)

Question 61

Histopath cell classic for CPV

Answer 61

Koilocytes in Stratum spinosum

Question 62

Location of inclusion bodies (intranuclear, intracytoplasmic) of CPV, FHV

Answer 62

Intranuclear

Question 63

Cause of Feline Sarcoid

Answer 63

BPV-14

Question 64

Other name for Feline sarcoid

Answer 64

Feline cutaneous fibropapilloma

Question 65

Signalment of Feline Sarcoid patient

Answer 65

Young cat, <5 yr Cattle exposure Male

Question 66

Body site for Feline Sarcoid

Answer 66

Nodular masses on head, neck, digits

Question 67

Histopath for feline sarcoid

Answer 67

Picket fence-like appearance of fibroblastic cells over hyperplastic epidermis

Question 68

Most COMMON causative agent of feline viral plaques

Answer 68

FcaPV-2 (also FcaPV 3, 4)

Question 69

Age of cats with viral plaques

Answer 69

Older age Underlying immunosuppression (FIV/FeLV/ GC therapy)

Question 70

Body lesion with feline viral plaques

Answer 70

face

Question 71

Concurrent infection that can occur with feline viral plaques

Answer 71

Demodex

Question 72

Concern with unmanaged feline viral plaques

Answer 72

Transformation to BISC

Question 73

What is the major causative agent for BISC

Answer 73

FcaPV-2 (33%+) Long lasting dysplasia leads to neoplasia Also many are FIV/FeLV+

Question 74

Treatment for feline BISC

Answer 74

Laser, IFN-alpha, strontium 90 plesiotherapy

Question 75

Famciclovir MOA

Answer 75

Inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 76

Imiquimod MOA

Answer 76

Immunostimulant Binds TLR7; induces NFkB + proinflammatory cytokines

Question 77

What is the etiology of nasal SCC in cats if positive for p16? Prognosis?

Answer 77

Viral etiology if + for p16; longer survival than p16 negative! Associated with FcaPV2

Question 78

What virus causes Giant Cell Dermatosis

Answer 78

FeLV (+gp70) *Multinucleated keratinocytes *Head/neck alopecia, pruritus, ulcers *Progressive, die quickly

Question 79

Feline oral papilloma virus

Answer 79

FcaPV 1, 2

Question 80

Feline exophytic papilloma virus

Answer 80

FcaPV1