Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Treasa ACVD Study > Adnexa > Flashcards

Adnexa Flashcards

1
Q

What side of primary hairs do adnexa develop?

A

Cranial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What side of secondary hairs do adnexa develop?

A

Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which mammals do NOT have sebaceous glands?

A

Whales, porpoises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where on the body are sebaceous glands absent?

A

Paw pad
Nasal planum

(no hairs to empty into)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where on the body are sebaceous glands most prominant?

A

1) Mucocutaneous junctions
2) Interdigital spaces

Horse: Coronet, dorsal rump, mane

Carnivores: chin (submental gland), dorsal tail (supracaudal tail gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperplasia of ___ results in stud tail in dogs, cats

A

Sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secretion mechanism of sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine (cell surface ruptures, leaks material out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do sebaceous glands release their material?

A

Infundibulum of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the reserve cells for sebaceous glands?

A

Their basement membrane –> lipidize as they mature –>disintegrate to release sebum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which receptors do sebocytes have to collect lipid from circulation?

A

LDL receptor
FATP4 receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What controls sebaceous secretion?

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypertrophy or Involution: androgens

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypertrophy or Involution: estrogens

A

Involution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypertrophy or Involution: glucocorticoids

A

Involution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypertrophy or Involution: retinoids

A

Involution – reduce sebum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the contents of sebum?

A

-Triglycerides
-Wax esters
-Squalene
-Cholesterol
-Cholesterol esters

*Lactones in horses ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which product is ONLY in the sebum of horses?

A

Lactones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which resident skin bacteria produce lipase, to mix with sebum and produce antimicrobial free fatty acids?

A

Proprionibacterium
Staphylococcus sp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are Prioprionibacterium and Staphylococcus resident skin bacteria helpful with regards to sebum?

A

Produce lipase, which mixes with sebum to produce antimicrobial free fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why are ferrets greasy with a musky odor?

A

Increased sebaceous gland activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of immune cell is primarily implicated in sebaceous adenitis?

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Breeds with known autosomal recessive inheritance of sebaceous adenitis (2)

A

Akita
Poodle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Other breeds predisposed to sebaceous adenitis (not akita, poodle)

A

Havanese
Lhasa apso
Chow chow
Springer Spaniels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Species with sebaceous adenitis

A

Dogs
Humans
Rabbits
Cats
Horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Other diseases that can be associated with sebaceous adenitis
Leishmania Hypothyroidism
26
Initial signs of sebaceous adenitis in long-coated dogs
Change in hair color Change in hair texture from curly to straight
27
Where on the body does sebaceous adenitis begin
Head, cervical region, pinnae
28
Medication for sebaceous adenitis that can reverse histopath changes
Cyclosporine
29
Non-cyclosporine treatment options for sebaceous adenitis
-Fatty acids -Systemic retinoids -Vitamin A -Doxy/niacinamide -Topicals (keratolytic shampoo, emollient spot ons)
30
Type of secretion of epitrichial sweat glands
MEROCRINE NOT apocrine
31
Where on the body are there LARGER epitrichial sweat glands?
Glaborous skin
32
Are epitrichial sweat glands located more deep or superficial to sebaceous glands?
Deeper BUT orifice is more superficial
33
Areas on the body where epitrichial sweat glands largest/most numerous
Similar to sebaceous glands 1) Mucocutaneous junctions 2) Interdigital spaces 3) Dorsal neck 4) Rump Horses: MC junctions, chin, mane, coronet
34
ONLY place with epitrichial sweat glands in rabbits
Lips
35
Animals that LACK epitrichial sweat glands
Rodents, ferrets
36
Season with largest volume of epitrichial sweat glands in thoroughbreds
Summer
37
Water channel in horses in epitrichial sweat glands, facilitates rapid movement of fluid while sweating
Aquaporin-5
38
What cells surround epitrichial cells
Myoepithelial cells
39
What makes myoepithelial cells in horses unique?
Myoepithelial cells surrounding epitrichial sweat gland is in a loose basket-weave form with a rich surrounding blood supply
40
T or F: epitrichial sweat glands are directly innervated
False
41
Control of epitrichial sweat glands
Neural (MAIN!): adrenergic agonists Horses: Autonomic (Main!), but humoral control w/adrenergic agonists from adrenal medulla during exercise
42
What can cause equine epitrichial sweat glands to become refractory?
Continued stimulation
43
Triggers for epitrichial sweat glands in dogs, cats
Unknown
44
Triggers for epitrichial sweat glands in horses
-Fever -Exercise -Heat -Pain -Hypoglycemia -Hyperadenocorticism -Catecholamine release (excitement, stress, pheochromocytoma)
45
Contents of epitrichial sweat secretions
-Antimicrobial salts -Pheromones -IgA Horses: protein --> Latherins
46
Anhidoris = ___
Inability to sweat
47
Cause of death from anhidrosis
Hyperthermia
48
Geographic location for anhidrosis
Gulf coast USA Hot, humid climates
49
Breeds prediposed to anhidrosis
Thoroughbreds, warmbloods
50
Cause of anhidrosis
Continuously high levels of epinephrine --> desensitization, downregulation of aquaporin 5 --> degeneration of secretory cells
51
Antibiotics that can induce anhidrosis in foals
Macrolide (erythromycin) Rhodococcus equi infections
52
Initial clinical signs of anhidrosis
Patchy/inadequate sweat response Takes longer to cool down after exercise
53
Chronic clinical signs of anhidrosis
Dry coat, scale, partial alopecia of face/neck
54
Acute anhidrosis result
Collapse, death
55
Diagnosis of anhidrosis
Intradermal test with epinephrine, terbutaline, β-2 agonists Should sweat within a few mins at all concentrations, but with anhidrosis, delayed sweating after 5+ hours at only most concentrated sites
56
Treatment of anhidrosis
Move to a dry, cooler climate
57
Time to recovery for anhidrosis
4-6 weeks
58
Location of eccrine/atrichial sweat glands
Paw pads (carnivores, rats, mice, hamsters) Frog (ungulates) Snout, medial carpus (pigs) Nasal planum (cattle)
59
Location of eccrine sweat glands in horses
Do NOT have eccrine sweat glands
60
Where is the orifice for eccrine/atrichial sweat glands
Directly onto surface of skin
61
Trigger for atrichial sweating
Agitation, excitement
62
Breeds with highest concentrations of ceruminous glands
Cocker spaniel English spaniel Labrador retreiver
63
Breeds with lowest concentration of sweat glands
Greyhounds
64
Which breed develops ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectasia with end stage otitis
Cocker spaniel (other breeds get fibrosis instead)
65
T or F: normal cocker spaniels with no hx otitis can have ceruminous gland hyperplasia and ectrasia
T (+87% of those w/hx otitis)
66
Which glands line the anal sacs?
Sebaceous glands Epitrichial sweat glands
67
Modified sebaceous glands on the dorsal/ventral tail, around prepuce/mammary glands, caudal hindlimbs, dorsal midline
Perianal glands
68
What controls perianal glands
Androgens
69
How does the arrector pili muscle attach to the follicular epithelium
elastic fibers
70
How does the arrector pili muscle attach to the extracellular matrix in the dermis
Integrins
71
Where are arrector pili muscles the largest
Dorsal neck, rump
72
What controls contraction of arrector pili muscles
Epinephrine, norepinephrine

Treasa ACVD Study (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions