Antibiotic resistance in SA (NAVDF Papich) Flashcards
Which animals are more likely to have resistant strains of fecal bacteria (E coli)
*Previously hospitalized
*Previous antibiotic tx within 1 year
Also: raw meat diet, dogs in shelters/breeders
Which antibiotic may be associated with antibiotic resistant E coli in dogs
Fluoroquinolones
(Also amoxicillin, clavamox, cephalosporins)
T or F: The amount of resistant bacteria will return to pre-treatment levels within days to weeks after antibiotics are discontinued
True
But the resistant bacteria can linger in small numbers for a very long time
T or F: It has been reported that there is transfer of resistant E coli from humans to their dogs and back
True
Biggest risk factor for developing MRSP in dogs
Previous antibiotic exposure
T or F: MRSP from pets is a serious health risk for humans
False. They CAN have transfer of MRSP to humans, but infection is unlikely.
Only a few isolated reports
Do pets give their owners MRSA
Pets can be transient carriers for MRSA (from a human origin)
T or F: resistance genes from E coli can be spread to other Enterobacteriaceae bacteria
True
Can pets transmit Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile?
Yes, but usually from contaminated meat or the environment. Healthy pets can be carriers. BUT not related to antibiotic administration.
No evidence dog spread of these bacteria are associated with drug-resistant strains in people.
Salmonella CAN be spread to people. Control measures when Salmonella outbreaks are identified
T or F: evidence has shown spread of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas from a dog to humans
FALSE. No evidence as of yet
T or F: large animals can be a source of a “serious threat” for drug resistant bacteria (Campylobacter, ESBL E coli)
TRUE. But not seen in small animals
Cause of Staphylococcal methicillin resistance (gene, protein)
mecA gene
Altered Penicillin-binding protein (PBP-2a)
T or F: Adding a beta lactamase inhibitor can overcome methicillin resistance
False
T or F: methicillin resistant Staph are very likely to be resistant to other antibiotics
True.
>90% are resistant to >4 drugs
T or F: most MRSP are susceptible to TMS, clindamycin, FQs
FALSE. This is different than community acquired MRSA in humans, where these antibiotics usually work
Rifampin: describe lipo vs hydrophiliic, volume of distribution, absorption
Lipophilic
Good volume of distribution
Good absorption
Which antibiotic is a good options for Mycobacterium (intracellular bacteria)
Rifampin
(also macrolides)
Should rifampin be combined with other antibiotics to minimize MRSP?
No. Can be used as effectively as a monotherapy
Rifampin can induce cytochrome p450 enzymes, for faster clearance of other drugs. How long after discontinuing rifampin does it take for the enzyme effects to recover?
4 weeks in people
Can inhibit intestinal transport of other meds too! Which really limits the amount of active medications
When doxycycline is compounded into an aqueous suspension, how potent is it at 14 days
20%!
Stable at 7 days though
T or F: doxycycline can cause dental enamel discoloration and chelates with calcium-containing oral products
False. But that is a concern with other tetracyclines
Other than Staphylococcus, what other bacteria is chloramphenicol often used for
Enterococcus
AEs chloramphenicol in dogs
*GI disturbance = common
*Decreased protein synthesis in Bone marrow with chronic use (esp CATS!)
*Hind limb weakness, ataxia -> peripheral neuropathy. Large breed dogs
*Drug interactions! Cytochrome p450 and CYP2B11 inhibitor!
Aplastic anemia in humans, irreversible
Implications of combining chloramphenicol with other drugs
*Cytochrome p450 and CYP2B11 inhibitor!
Increases concentration of opiates, barbituates, propofol, salicylate
