Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS - Exam 2 > Sa Spinal 3 > Flashcards

Sa Spinal 3 Flashcards

1
Q

CSM

A

Two major forms - osseous or disc associated
Both have a dynamic form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Signalment for CSM - disc associated

A

Middle age large breed - Doberman, Weimaraner
Symmetric or asymmetric
Acute or chronic - painful
Caudal cervical region (c5-6, 6-7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CSM osseous associated

A

Young, giant breeds - Great Danes, mastiffs
Often symmetric
Acute or chronic - painful
More likely congenital, absolute stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CSM-DA diagnosis

A

3 facts
- relative vertebral canal stenosis
- torsion in caudal cervical vertebral column
- protrusion of larger volume of disc compared to normal dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for both form of CSM medial management

A

Mildly affected, non progressive
- rest, chest harness, taper course to steroids
50% improve 30% static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for CSM surgical

A

More severe cases, progressive
Ventral slot, dorsal surgery, various procedures
70% improve, 20% static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atlantoaxial instability - congenital

A

Generally young, small or toy breed
May be acute or chronic onset
Dens hypoplasia or fracture, ligament malformations, avulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atlantoaxial instability signalment for traumatic

A

Could be any

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AAI diagnosis

A

C1-5 myelopathy - episodic pain
Radiographs +/- fluoroscopy, CT, MRI
Cervical ventroflexion can cause death or make signs worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medical management of AAI

A

Mild clinical signs, young animals, traumatic form
High recurrence rate for congenital form
External coaptation (8-12wk) worry abt atrophy
Analgesics/anti inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surgical management of AAI

A

Moderate to severe clinical signs
Mature bone
70-90% success, approx 5% risk of mortality, approx 25% complication rate
Ventral approach : pins or screws & bone cement, plating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vertebral malformations

A

Numerous anomalies
Block, hemi, butterfly vertebrae
Spina bifida
Caudal articular facet hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause for vertebral malformations

A

Often caused by a failure of formation or ossification or neural tube closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signalment for vertebral anomalies

A

Most common in screw tail breeds or pugs
Common T7-12
May present with no clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spina bifida

A

Neural tube closure deficiency
Young animals - inability to walk, English bulldogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Caudal articular process dysplasia

A

Common in pugs, English & French bulldogs
May cause no clinical signs
Insidious onset T3-L3 myelopathy
Often with fecal & urinary in continent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CAP dysplasia Pathophys

A

T10-13 commonly affected
Articulations may be hypoplasia or aplastic
May be incidental finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CAP dysplasia diagnosis

A

Radiographs
CT is ideal ***
MRI could evaluate for other disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CAP dysplasia associated disease

A

Most present T3-L3 myelopathy - gait abnormalities, 50% incontinence
IVDP - 50% of patients
Subarachnoid diverticulum - 20%
Pia-arachnoid fibrosis - 15%
Vertebral instability - 5%

20
Q

CAP dysplasia treatment/prognosis

A

No treatment but possible to treat secondary diseases
Prognosis is variable

21
Q

Spinal arachnoid diverticulum

A

Large breeds - Rottweiler
Small breeds - pugs
Chronic progressive myelopathy +/- fecal/urinary incontinence

22
Q

Pathophys for SAD

A

Cervical - common in large breeds
Thoracolumbar - common in small breeds
Usually non painful
Developmental or aquired

23
Q

Diagnosing SAD

A

Myelogram or CT Myelogram MRI
Dilation of subarachnoid space often appears teardrop shaped

24
Q

Medial management of SAD

A

Corticosteroids or NSAIDS
Approximately 30% stable, 30% improve, 40% worsen

25
Q

Surgical management of SAD

A

Various - open and drain cyst /fluid
Approx 80% improve short term
80% of those who do improve release within 2 yrs

26
Q

Chari-like malformations & Syringomyelia (caudal occipital malformation syndrome)

A

CM or SM - occur separately or together
Cavalier King Charles, spaniels, chihuahua, Frenchie
Could be any age, various manifestations of pain
Common Pathophys is malformation of skull or craniovcervical junction

27
Q

CM & SM treatment - medical

A

Pain only
NSAIDS, other meds, corticosteroids
May do well, if progressive consider surgery

28
Q

CM & SM treatment - surgical

A

Severe pain, failure of medical management
Foramen magnum decompression
May require post op medical management

29
Q

Neoplasia

A

Middle aged to older dogs
Slow progressive loss of function
May be painful, any part of the spinal cord

30
Q

Pathophys for neoplasia

A

Primary - originate in affected area
Secondary - originated and metastasized other locations

31
Q

Extra dural neoplasia

A

50%

32
Q

Intradural- extramedullary

A
33
Q

Intramedullary

A

20% - least common
Originate from spinal cord themselves
Glioma, ependymoma, metastatic

34
Q

Diagnosing neoplasia

A

Radiographs, CT, MRI, Histopath or cytology

35
Q

Treatment types of neoplasia a

A

Palliative - pain management/anti inflammatory
Surgery- location and removal of mass
Radiation - primary or adjunctive
Chemotherapy
Prognosis is guarded to poor

36
Q

Inflammation of spinal cord

A

Affects meninges or spinal cord or both
Infectious causes uncommon
Immune mediated - more common

37
Q

Discospondylitis

A

Infection of intervertebraldisks or adjacent VB
Large/giant breeds - GD, GS, boxer (MALES)
Pain, chronic /progressive
Hyperesthesia, systemic signs &/or neurologic deficit

38
Q

Pathogenesis of discospondylitis

A

Destruction of vertberal endpaltes by infectious agent
Various - hematogenous, iatrogenic, foreign bodies
Pathogens - staph, strep, e. Coli, brucella, aspergillus

39
Q

Diagnosing discospondylitis

A

Radiographs - most common
CBC/Chem
Urinalysis + culture
Ancillary testing : brucella, +/- fungal

40
Q

Treatment for discospondylitis

A

Antibiotics, analgesics, minimum 8-12 wks of treatment. Lifelong infection for some
Prognosis can be good for treatable bacteria
Poorer prognosis for fungal /brucella

41
Q

Steroid responsive meningitis - arteritis

A

Young large breed dogs - beagle, boxer, bernes, golden
Acute form <1 month: lethargy, inappetance, fever, cervical hyperpathia, abnormal gait. Normal neuro
Chronic form : persistent or relapsing pain in vertebral column

42
Q

Diagnosing SRMA

A

CSF: neutrophilia pleocytosis (non degen)
C-reactive protein - supportive
MRI - normal or thickening meninges
Treat w steroids

43
Q

Vertebral fracture /luxation

A

Could happen to anyone
Trauma, fights, missile object, poly trauma common
Immobilize in lateral recumbency/stabilize
**is deep pain present

44
Q

Diagnosing vertebral fracture/lux

A

Lateral radiograph
Horizontal beam radiograph or CT
Assess stability

45
Q

Treatment & prognosis of vertebral fracture/lux

A

DO NOT MAKE THINGS WORSE
Treatment depends on stability - surgery/conserve
80% with TL fractures
60-70% for cervical injury
Grave with no deep pain

46
Q

Tail pull injuries

A

Sacrocaudal luxation
Cats**
Bladder incontinence
Outdoor cats, platigrade stance/paresis

47
Q

Treatment/prognosis for sacrocaudal luxation

A

Cage rest, analgesics, surgery
Most improve within 2 weeks
>75% of cats w pain will improve w urinary function
50-60% of cats w absent sensation will regain urine function
Lack of improvement for >30 days is poorer

SS - Exam 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions