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SS - Exam 2 > Internal Ocular Pathology > Flashcards

Internal Ocular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Hypopyon

A

Purulent inflammation in anterior chamber

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2
Q

Intra ocular inflammation

A

Anterior uveitis - inflammation of iris and ciliary body
Posterior uveitis - inflammation of choroid
- if retina involved too = chorioretinitis
Panuveitis - inflammation of all 3 components of uvea
Endophthalmitis - inflammation of uvea, retina, ocular cavities
Panophthalmitis - inflammation of entire globe including cornea and sclera

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3
Q

Anterior uveitis

A
  • inflammation of iris and ciliary body
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4
Q

Posterior uveitis -

A

inflammation of choroid
- if retina involved too = chorioretinitis

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5
Q

Panuveitis -

A

inflammation of all 3 components of uvea

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6
Q

Endophthalmitis -

A

inflammation of uvea, retina, ocular cavities
(Anterior /posterior chamber, vitreous chamber)

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7
Q

Panophthalmitis -

A

inflammation of entire globe including cornea and sclera

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8
Q

Uveitis

A

Most cases reflect uveal involvement of systemic disease
- hematogenous bacterial infection
- immune mediated uveal inflammation

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9
Q

Indications for Canine uveitis

A

Idiopathic
Phacolytic uveitis
Trauma
Foreign body
Blastomycosis
Phacoclastic uveitis

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10
Q

Diseases of uvea

A

Lens induced uveitis
Systemic mycoses
Uveodermatologic syndrome
Feline uveitis
Equine uveitis

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11
Q

Phacolytic uveitis

A

Leakage of lens protein through the lens capsule - highly anti genetic
Occurs secondary to cataracts*

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12
Q

Phacoclastic uveitis

A

Release of lens protein through ruptured lens capsule
- traumatic rupture of lens capsule
- rapidly progressing diabetic cataracts*

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13
Q

Systemic mycoses

A

Blastomyces - common in dogs
Cryptococcosis - common in cats
Lesion: Pyogranulomatous endophthalmitis
Exudate accumulates in choroid and sub retinal space

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14
Q

Uveodermatologic syndrome aka VKH

A

“Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome”
Common in akitas, Siberian huskies, samoyeds
Immune mediated disease targeting melanin
- bilateral granulomatous uveitis (1st lesion)
-depigmentation of facial skin (2nd lesion)

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15
Q

Indications for Feline uveitis

A

Idiopathic
Cryptococcosis
Feline infectious peritonitis

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16
Q

FIP

A

Mutated enteric coronavirus
Pyogranulomatous inflammation in multiple organs
Causes immune mediated uveitis in eye

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17
Q

Equine uveitis

A

Equine recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)

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18
Q

Equine recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)

A

Repeated bouts of anterior uveitis occurring at unpredictable intervals; increases in severity over time
One of the most common causes of blindness in EQ

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19
Q

Proposed path of moon blindness

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to
- leptospira antigen
- onchoncerca cervicalis microfilaria
Genetic susceptibility
- Appaloosa, German warm blood

20
Q

Diseases of lens

A

Lens luxation
Cataract
- diabetic cataract
-secondary cataract
-age related cataract
Glaucoma - primary/secondary

21
Q

lens luxation

A

Complete dislocation of lens
Can fall into anterior chamber or remain in posterior
Anterior luxation predisposed to glaucoma - mechanical obstruction of aqueous fluid (pupillary blockage)

22
Q

causes of lens luxation

A

Primary - no known trauma or other ocular disease
Could be congenital or aquired (spontaneous)
Secondary - blunt trauma, glaucoma

23
Q

Cataract

A

Lenticular opacity
Diabetic
Secondary - uveitis, glaucoma, neoplasia, advanced retinal degeneration
Age related

24
Q

Diabetic cataract

A

Bilateral cataracts are common (70%) in diabetic dogs
^ glucose in aqueous -> shunts to sorbitol synthesis -> excess sorbitol osmotically attracts water -> swelling & degeneration of lens fibers -> cataracts

25
Q

Glaucoma

A

Sustained increase intraocular fluid pressure
-damages retina and optic nerve
- leads to vision loss
- results in impaired outflow of aqueous* (uveitis, inflammatory blocks outflow)

26
Q

Common development of glaucoma

A

Dogs > cats > horses
Most common reason for enucleation in dogs & cats

27
Q

primary glaucoma

A

Goniodysgenesis
Incomplete atrophy of ciliary cleft mesenchyme
Abnormality of development
Delayed onset of clinical glaucoma (5+ yr)

28
Q

Open angle glaucoma

A

No primary histo logic lesion

29
Q

Secondary glaucoma

A

Any primary lesion that obstructs aqueous flow through the pupil or trabecular mesh work (ciliary cleft)

30
Q

Pupillary block in secondary glaucoma

A

Obstruction of aqueous through pupil
Anterior lens luxation
Lens capsule rupture

31
Q

Trabecular occlusion in secondary glaucoma

A

Neoplasia
Preiridial fibrovascular membrane
Mechanical compression
- cataracts, posterior chamber neoplasms

32
Q

Lesions of glaucoma

A

Result from increased intraocular pressure regardless of cause
Depend on degree of pressure elevation, duration & quickness of onset

33
Q

Gross lesions of glaucoma
Buphthalmos

A

Buphthalmos - stretching of globe secondary to increased intraocular pressure - can prevent eyelids from closing = corneal Dessication

34
Q

Gross lesions of glaucoma
Corneal edema

A

Pressure induced injury to corneal endothelium

35
Q

Gross lesion of glaucoma
Atrophy

A

Atrophy of iris and ciliary body
Chronic pressure induced ischemia
Late in course of disease

36
Q

Microscopic lesions of glaucoma

A

Atrophy of nerve fiber layer & ganglion cell layer
Loss of neurons from inner nuclear layer
Collapse of trabecular mesh work
Optic nerve atrophy
Optic disc cupping
Corneal edema
Cararacts

37
Q

Ocular neoplasia

A

Uveal neoplasms - dogs, cats, horses

38
Q

Uveal melanocytoma - dog

A

Most common primary intraocular tumor in dogs
Almost always benign
Can cause secondary glaucoma

39
Q

iridociliary adenoma - dogs

A

Almost always benign

40
Q

Uveal neoplasms - cat

A

Diffuse iris melanoma
Iridociliary adenoma
Primary ocular sarcoma

41
Q

Ocular neoplasms - horses

A

Uveal melanocytoma
Topic nerve tumors
Neoplasms metastatic to globe

42
Q

Diffuse Iris melanoma

A

Cat
Starts as unilateral hyperpigmentation - progresses to diffuse Iris involvement

43
Q

Iridociliary adenoma

A
44
Q

Primary ocular sarcoma

A

Cat
Post traumatic sarcoma
Spindle cell sarcoma that develops secondary to lens rupture

45
Q

Uveal melanocytoma- horse

A

Common in gray horses
Similarly to uveal melanocytoma in dogs

46
Q

optic nerve tumors

A

Meningiomas
Most common in dogs
Metastasis is uncommon

47
Q

Neoplasms metastatic to globe

A

Lymphoma
Carcinomas

SS - Exam 2 (18 decks)

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