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SS - Exam 2 > Behavior Modifying Drugs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used in small animals

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

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2
Q

Drugs in small and large animals

A

SSRI
SARI
Calcium channel blockers
Alpha 2 agonists
Benzodiazepines

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3
Q

MAOIs

A

Monoamine oxidase
Membrane w multiple action - mitochondrial membrane
MAO- A - in GIT, breaks down amines from food/med
MAO - B- in CNS, break down monoamines

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4
Q

Selegiline

A

MAOIs
Selective for MAO-B - Neuro protective
- breaks down free radicals
- increases astrocyte action
Use for Canine cognitive dysfunction - k9

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5
Q

Selegiline mechanism

A

Metabolized into L-amphetamine
Detected 2 hours post pill
Improve sleeping patterns activity level, spatial memory
Improvement takes 4 weeks up to 2 months

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6
Q

AE of Selegiline

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, restless, anorexia
Increased stereotypic behavior at high doses

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7
Q

Combo Y/N therapy with Selegiline

A

Combo Y: benzodiazepines, antioxidant supplements, anticonvulsants, melatonin
Combo N within 2 weeks : TCAs, SSRI - severe adverse effects
Fluoxetine or reconcile (5w washout)
Combo N: other MAOIs, meperidine, alpha2 agonist

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8
Q

X combo within two weeks with Selegiline

A

Combo N within 2 weeks : TCAs, SSRI - severe adverse effects
Fluoxetine or reconcile (5w washout)

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9
Q

Drugs for combo therapy with Selegiline

A

Combo Y: benzodiazepines, antioxidant supplements, anticonvulsants, melatonin

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10
Q

Do not combine ever with Selegiline

A

Combo N: other MAOIs, meperidine, alpha2 agonist

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11
Q

TCAs

A

Reuptake inhibition of serotonin
NE reuptake inhibition
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
Anticholinergic
Antihistaminic

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12
Q

Benefits and AE of Clomipramine

A

Benefits: regulates mood, fear, impulsive behaviors, decreases stress response, anti-pruritus effect
AE: ^ urine retention, Cardio effects - arrhythmias, GI - nausea, vomiting. Lowered seizure threshold, check for diabetes

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13
Q

Label use for Clomipramine

A

For seperation anxiety in dogs >6m
1-2 mg/kg
Caused decreased: destruction, potty in house, vocalization, behavior
Takes 1-2 months
ADR: sleeping, vomiting

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14
Q

SNRI

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Increase dopamine in prefrontal cortex
Stabilize mood, decrease hyperexcitiability
ADR: GI - nausea, diarrhea

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15
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Common use of SNRI in cats
Highly effective

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16
Q

SSRI

A

Benefits & ADR are similar to other drugs but this drug works /targets serotonin
**insomnia can develop, good reason to switch drugs

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17
Q

Fluoxetine

A

FDA approved for separation anxiety
Various but generally good improvement - good for aggressive animals*
Long wash out periods before adding other drugs

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18
Q

TCA vs SSRI vs SNRI

A

Depends on experience and comfort
Consider side effects - harmful or beneficial
Think ahead abt changing drugs - washout periods
Cases of aggression e GT

19
Q

Pruritic animals - TCA, SSRI, SNRI

A

May have more benefit more from TCA than SSRI

20
Q

Cardiac concerns - TCA, SSRI, SNRI

A

Cardiac concerns would get SSRI over TCA

21
Q

Highly vigilant animals - TCA, SSRI, SRNI

A

Benefit from SNRI

22
Q

TCA, SSRI, SNRI - changing

A

TCA —> SSRI can be switched rapidly

23
Q

Changing drugs - TCA, SSRI, SRNI

A

SSRI (fluoxetine) —>TCA requires longer washout period bc fluoxetine has a long half life

24
Q

TCA and SRRIs

A

Don’t use with each other **
Can be used in combo w other serotonergic meds
In combo with MAOI
Caution with drugs that alter CYP 450 metabolism

25
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Cause - co admin of drugs that increase serotonin
Agitation/confusion
Myoclonus, tremor, ataxia, seizure, hyperthermia
Treat with benzodiazepine for tremor
Anti-serotonergic - cyproheptadine
Supportive care

26
Q

SARIs

A

Serotonin 2A antagonist, reuptake inhibitor
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
Antihistaminic properties
- vitamin T (trazadone)

27
Q

Trazadone

A

Developed for major depressive disorder in ppl
- ADR is sleepiness, treatment for insomnia
Use in cats, dogs, horses, alpacas
- use low end of dosing
Observe time to effects and efficacy
Titrate up if needed, tolerance can develop after 2-4weeks

28
Q

Uses for Trazadone

A

Anti anxiety
Cage rest/stall rest
Post op confinement
Thunderstorm/noise phobia
Travel anxiety
Veterinary visits
Grooming visits

29
Q

ADR of Trazadone

A

Oversedation
Increased hunger, GI
Behavioral disinhibition
Hyperactivity
Muscle fasiculations
Arrhythmias
Short lived

30
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Gabapentin - common in cats
Use:
When pain is suspected component of anxiety
Vet Visits, grooming, storms

31
Q

Alpha 2 agonists

A

Mechanisms of action - alpha 2 agonists, inhibits release of norepinephrine, decreased symp tone

32
Q

Oral/transmucosal alpha 2 agonists

A

Clonidine
Dexmedetomidine/detomidine gel form
Delayed action
No analgesia

33
Q

Benzodiazepines mechanism

A

Facilitates binding GABA to GABA-a receptors in CNS
Long acting oral formulation - alprazolam
Rapid acting for situational anxiety
- separation anxiety/storm/social
- urine marking
- maternal acceptance

34
Q

caution with Benzodiazepines

A

Interfere with learning
Behavioral disinhibition - ^ bite
Idiosyncratic excitatory reactions (15-20% of drugs)

35
Q

Benzodiazepines- cats & oral diazepam

A

Do not use chronically
Slower metabolism & inhibition of bile acid efflux
Severe hepatic necrosis

36
Q

Clinical use for everyday

A

MAIOs
TCAs
SSRIs
SNRIs

37
Q

Clinical use for episodic use

A

Benzodiazepines
SARIs
Alpha 2 agonists
Calcium channel blockers

38
Q

Drugs for feline urine spraying

A

Diazepam - benzodiazepines
Buspirone - SNRI
Clomipramine - TCA
Fluoxetine - SSRI

39
Q

Drugs to avoid

A
  • acepromazine, best use w combo for physical and mental relaxation
    Chlorpromazine
  • horses, can experience agitation, excitement/aggression, spastic & lose balance = injury
40
Q

Drugs to avoid - Phenothiazine tranquilizers

A

Fluphenazine - phenothiazine
Desired effects - suppression of spontaneous activity & aggressive behavior, one injection lasts 30 days
Unwanted side effects
-agitation, hypermetria, circling, pawing, episodes of sever stupor

41
Q

Fluphenazine - avoid

A

Toxic concentrations in horses in not known
Range between 3.3-3.39ng/ml following IM admin
Toxic doses of 25-125mg IM
Treatment
- anticholinergics - Ben toro pine mesylate & diphenhydramine
Barbiturates - pentobarbital CRI

42
Q

Reserpine - avoid

A

Adrenergic antagonist - in horses
Sedative, treatment of agalactia
SE: colic, GI upset, diarrhea, sweating, depression, droopy eye, paraphimosis
IM»>oral

43
Q

Reserpine effects on anesthesia

A

Fatal interactions w xylaxine and ketamine
Hypotension - can take d-w but can last for 1-6 w after discontinuing drug
Effects of clotting - blood used for IRAP

44
Q

Alpha casozepine

A

Milk protein to chillaxe

SS - Exam 2 (18 decks)

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