SA - Pathology of the Oral Cavity Flashcards
What are the components of the oral cavity?
Lips, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, tonsils, oral mucosa, glands, specialized submucosal tissue, alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments…. A LOT of different tissue types
Congenital Deformities and Dysplasias
Brachygnathism
Palatoschisis
What is the inherited genetic trait that is a breed standard for breeds such as pugs/bulldogs that results in additional URT deformities and dyspnea?
Brachygnathism superior
Palatoschisis
Cleft palate (Oronasal fistula)
Which layers of the tooth have the most organic matrix and are thus stronger?
Dentin and cemenum
Normal Gingival Sulcus
Normal Tooth Socket Interface
Neurovascular elements and connective tissue
Pulp
Producted by odontoblasts
dentin
produced by cementoblasts
cementum
produce by ameloblasts -> diet & disintegrate after tooth eruption
enamel
Dental Development
Odontogenesis; a symphony of cells and matrix
Where do the cells that form the enamel come from and what are these cells called?
Ectoderm; epithelial; ameloblasts AB
What cells come from the ectomesenchyme (neural crest)?
Odontoblasts - > dentin
Cementoblasts ->Cementum
Periodontal ligament (FBs)
Osteoblasts -> Alveolar bone
Odontogenesis
Erupted adult tooth terminology + cell details
What are the true neoplasms of the oral cavity?
Ameloblastomas
What is odontodysplasia?
dental malformations
Polyodontia
supernumerary teeth
Pseudo-polyodontia
retained deciduous teeth
What does the dog on the left showing evidence of and why/
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
-> weak dentin
Can malocclusion affect prehension and mastication?
yes
Periodontitis (Periodontal Disease)
A disease spectrum with a series of progressive steps
What are dental plaques made of?
Bacterial biofilm
What is dental calculus?
mineralized amalgam of salivary secretions, bacteria, and debris that is firmly adhered to the tooth’s surface and need’s surgery to remove
How can plaque be removed?
Cannot be removed by saliva but is physically removable as it is loosely adhered to the enamel surface.
What are dental caries?
Cavities that result from enzymatic demineralization an degradation and erosions in the mineralized tooth matrix
Are cavities the same as resorptive lesions?
No
Plaque impacted in the gingival sulcus
Persistent gingivitis leading to erosions/ulcers and calculus on the tooth
Gingival recession + enzymatic and cellular tooth resorption from odontoclast activation
What are you detecting radiographically in periodontitis progression?
Loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone
Normal periodontal ligament junction
Loss of alveolar bone at bifurcation
Loss of alveolar bone at bifurcation
What to resorptive lesions occur from?
Chronic periodontitis
What is an idiopathic proliferation of the gingival epithelium & subgingival stroma that is associated with chronic gingivitis/periodontitis and has breed predispositions?
K9 Fibrogingival hyperplasia
What is general inflammation of the entire oral cavity?
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the gingiva/periodonta
gingivitis/periodontitis
inflammation of the bone surrounding the teeth
alveilitis/osteomyelitis
inflammation of the lips
cheilitis
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
inflammation of the pharynx
phayrngitis
inflammation of the salivary glands
sialoadenitits
inflammation of the tonsils
tonsilitis
Vesicular stomatitis in cats is associated with what viruses?
Calicivirus, FHV-1, +/- FeLV & FIV
What are the gross lesions of vesicular stomatitis?
lingual and oropharungeal vesicles erosions/ulcers -> secondary inflammation
What are the histology lesions of vesicular stomatitis?
-Multifocal epithelial cell necrosis
- subcorneal fluid pockets
+/- associated with feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome (FCGS)
What are the lesions of proliferative gingivostomatitis
Focal to multifocal raised hyperemic plaques with severe plasmacytic inflammation and erosions»>ulcers
What is the job of plasma cells?
To release lots of protein
What do the arrows indicate on these plasma cells?
Nuclear clearing
What are mott cells
constipated plasma cells
What disease is defined by the presence of well demarcated raised plaques that are flat, nodular, and/or ulcerated predominantly in cats and arctic dog breeds?
Eosinophilic granuloma complex
Eosinophilic granuloma complex
What are the histologic features of eosinophilic granuloma complex?
eosinophilic granulomas centered on collagen flame figures with hyalinized bright pink collagen and degranulated eosinophils
What is this a histology picture of?
Eosinophilic granuloma
Benign proliferative lesions of stratified squamous epithelium
papillomas
What aged animals are predisposed to papillomas?
young animals
Can papillomas undergo spontaneous regression?
yes
Aberrant non-neoplastic tumors
Epulides.. but nomenclature is confusing and ever changing. Note that it is not a true neoplasm. Currently calling FEPLO/POF
What are the gross features of FEPLO/POF?
Can look like FGH (fibrogingival hyperplasia) & acanthomatous ameloblastoma; Ddx requires a biopsy!
What is a common benign K9 neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium that resembles the stratum spinosum and is locally invasive and disfiguring?
Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA)
List some malignant neoplams of the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Fibrosarcoma
Lymphoma
Histologic image of high/low fibrosarcoma that looks benign
