SA - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies Flashcards
What are some causes for stomatitis in dogs?
-Uremia
-Electric cord injury
-Contact with chemicals
-Drug reactions
-Chronic ulcerative stomatitis
What are eosinophilic granulomas and where do they typically occur on the face?
It is an inflammatory condition that occurs on the palate and tongue in small dogs and lips in large dogs. In cats it typically presents as masses on the lips and tongue
What can eosinophillic granulomas cause if growing in the palate?
palatal defects
What is this an image of?
Eosinophilic granuloma in a cat
What are the mandibular fracutres seen with maxillofacial trauma?
symphyseal seperation
ramus of the mandible
TMJ
body of the mandible
How do you diagnose a fracture?
oral exam, imaging including CT, dental rads
What is a TMJ luxation?
When the condylar process is displaced out of the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
What happens to the mandible in a TMJ luxation?
It shifts towards the opposite side of the luxation and rostrally
How does the patient present with a TMJ luxation and why?
With the inability to close the mouth completely because of tooth-to-tooth contact
What is the treatment for TMJ luxation?
close reduction as soon as possible with a hexagonal wooden pencil between the ipsilateral carnassial teeth
What is the most common TMJ luxation displacement in cats?
Displacement of the mandible rostrally and dorsally
What side is the TMJ Luxation? How do you know?
Left
If there is a unilateral mandibular fracture does the mandible shift towards or away from the fracture and why?
The mandible shifts towards the fracture because the mandible collapses on that side.
Open Mouth Jaw Locking
Mouth is in a wide position. Laxity on TMJ or symphysis that causes displacement of the coronoid process laterally when the pet opens the mouth.
What happens to the mandible in a patient with open mouth jaw locking?
The coronoid processes is placed laterally to the zygoma or completely ventral and becomes locked with the zygomatic arch
What is the treatment for open mouth jaw locking?
unlock temporarily and coronoidectomy/zygomectomy
What is the difference between intraarticular and extraarticular TMJ ankylosis?
Intraarticular is true ankylosis between the condylar process and mandibular fossa
Extraarticular is false ankylosis where the coronoid/zygomatic arch or other ares but the joint itself is not involved
What is a TMJ ankylosis
Fibrous/bony union between the mandible and temporal bone or zygomatic arch, or maxilla that causes inability to pen the mouth
Craniomandibular osteopathy is characteristic in what dog breed?
Westies (West Highland White Terrier)
What is masticatory myositis?
An autoimmune inflammatory myopathy that affects only masseter, temporalis and pterygoid muscles
How do you diagnose masticatory myscle myositis?
Antibodies against the 2M fibers that are detected in the blood serum
What is the treatment for masticatory muscle myositis?
immunosuppression
What are sialoceles?
Accumulations of saliva in the submucosal or subcutaneous tissue due to rupture of the gland or rupture of the duct (usually gland)
What are the different types of sialocele?
Pharyngeal: mandibular/sublingual sal. gland
Cervical: sublingual, mandibular, parotid
Sublingual: sublingual gland
Periorbital: retrobulbar: zygomatic sal. gland
What is special about a pharyngeal sialocele?
It can become an emergency and cause respiratory distress
What is the treatment for a sialocele?
Excision of the gland- duct complex
