SA - Dental and Periodental Pathologies Flashcards
What is the inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues and what tissues are included?
Periodontal disease: gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum
What causes periodontal disease?
It is multifactorial; bacterial plaque + host immune system
What are the stages of periodontal disease?
Stage I-IV
Define Stage I of Periodontal Disease
only gingivitis
Define stage II of Periodontal disease
<25% attachment loss, furcation I (periodontal probe can be introduced in the furcation but does not reach halfway)
Define Stage III Periodontal Disease
25-50% attachment loss, furcation II (periodontal probe can be introduced in the furcation and goes beyond half the width of the bone, there is still bone)
Define Stage IV Periodontal Disease
> 50% attachment loss, furcation III ( there is no bone in the furcation area, the periodontal probe goes through and through)
What 2 sequelae of periodontal disease
Gingival recession
Gingival pocket
WHat isi the treatemtn for periodontal diseas?
Depends on the severity of the disease… Professional dental cleaning, gingival curettage, root planning, prone guided tissue regeneration, gingival grafts
What is tooth resoption?
A condition, commonly affecting cats, that cause destruction of the teeth and may cause replacement by osteoid material.
What is the cause of tooth resorption?
Unknown but there is a possible involvement of excessive vitamin D
Define Type I tooth resorption
inflammatory resorption with the periodontal ligament still present
What is the treatment for type I tooth resorption?
tooth extraction
Define Type II tooth resorption
replacement resorption where the periodontal ligament has disappears and the tooth becomes part of the turnover of the bone
What is the treatment for type II tooth resorption?
Extraction or crown amputation and root retention
Type I or II tooth resorption?
Type II
Type I or II tooth resorption?
Type II
Type I or II tooth resorption?
What part of the tooth is affected in endodontic disease?
The pulp
What can cause endodontic disease?
Trauma
Is inflammation of the pulp (pulpitis) feversible?
Yes, as long as there is no necrosis
What is the treatment for endodontic disease?
vital pulp therapy if the tooth is alive, or root canal therapy if the root is necrotic/non-vital
What is seen in this radiograph?
Periapical lucency
What can be seen in this radiograph?
enlargement of the pulp cavity on one incisor compared to the rest of the teeth
Where is the most common area for abscesses and draining tracts?
the mucogingival junction
What is the difference between a complicated and uncomplicated tooth fracture?
Complicated: the pulp is affected/exposed
Uncomplicated: the pulp is not affected/exposed
How do you name tooth fractures?
Based on location (crown, root, both) and based on pulp exposure
What can pulp exposure from a tooth fracture cause?
endodontic disease
What is the treatment for a tooth fracture? (2)
-extraction
-endodontic treatment (root canal, vital pulp therapy) if tooth is a good candidate
What makes a tooth a good candidate for endodontic treatment for a fracture?
enough, structure, function, good periodontal tissues
What is tooth luxation?
Displacement of the tooth from the alveolus
What is tooth avulsion?
Displacement of the tooth out from the alveolus
What is the most common type of tooth luxation?
Lateral luxation
What is this an image
Displacement of the tooth within the alveolus (tooth luxation)
What is this image showing?
Tooth avulsion
What is the treatment for tooth avulsion?
extraction and closure of the wound or replantation, stabilization and root canal treatment
What is abrasion
wear of the tooth due to contact with an object
What ares some common objects that cause abrasion?
toys, metal bars, tennis balls
What is the sequelae of abrasion?
Repetitive trauma wears down the enamel and exposes the dentin and the dentinal tubules cause irritation of the pulp
What is attrition?
Wear of the tooth due to tooth-to-tooth contact
What is an unerupted tooth
A tooth that fails to erupt
What are the two types of unerupted teeth and define them
Impacted tooth: physical barrier avoids eruption
Embedded tooth: failure in mechanism of eruption
What is the treatment of unerupted teeth?
extraction of affected tooth and complete debridement of the epithelial lining
What percentage of dentigerous cysts are associated with unerupted teeth?
30-50%
What is a dentigerous cyst
fluid filled cavity limited by epithelium than can cause bone resorption and atrophy due to expansion
True/False: Dentigerous cysts can affect adjacent teeth and cause jaw fractures
True
What are radicular cysts
cysts of odontogenic origin that are caused by proliferation of epithelial cells around the periapical area
What is malocclusion and what are the 4 classes?
Class 1: dental malocclusion: abnormal position of teeth in the dental arch but normal relationship between the maxilla and mandible
Class 2: Skeletal malocclusion: mandibular distocclusion (maxilla longer than mandible)
Class 3: Skeletal malocclusion: mandibular mesiocclusion (mandible longer than maxilla)
Class 4: Skeletal malocclusion: asymmetric malocclusion
What is gingival hyperplasia?
Enlargement of the gingiva due to proliferation of the connective tissue of the gingiva
What causes gingival hyperplasia?
Familiar (brachycephalic dogs)
Inflammation (periodontal disease)
Drugs (phenytoin, cyclosporin, calcium channel blockers)
What is the treatment of gingival hyperplasia?
gingivectomy and gingivoplasty
What is Feline Chronic Stomatitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa ( beyond the mucogingival junction) due to dysregulation of the immune system
What is the treatment for feline chronic stomatitis
professional dental cleaning
extractions
glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, pain medication, stem cells (study)
What is canine ulcerative stomatitis
inflammation of the oral mucosa in dogs that is t-cell mediated and extremely painful
What is the treatment for canine ulcerative stomatitis
Proffessional dental cleaning, extractions
at home oral care
antiinlammatory drugs
cyclosporine, metronidazole
Should the deciduous tooth be present when the permanent tooth erupts?
No
