SA Endocrinology 7 - PUPD Seminar Flashcards
What is the value for polydipsia in dogs and cats?
Water intake >100ml/kg/day
What is the value for polyuria in dogs and cats?
Urine production >50ml/kg/day
Which hormone is the principle hormone involved in the regulation of water homeostasis?
Vasopression (AVP)/Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
List the 7 mechanisms of PUPD
Central diabetes insipidus
Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Intrinsic renal disease
osmotic diuresis
Psychogenic polydipsia
Medullary washout
What causes central diabetes insipidus and how does the urine appear?
Lack of AVP/ADH production
Characterised by markedly dilute urine
What causes primary nephrogenic diaebetes insipidus?
Congenital inability of collecting duct to respond to AVP/ADH.
What is the most common cause of PUPD in dogs and cats?
Secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
List five factors known to interfere with renal responsivness to ADH
Electrolyte disturbances
Endocrinopathies
Drugs
Endotoxins
Metabolic disease.
How can renal disease cause PUPD?
Nephron loss, resulting in reduced renal concentrating ability
How does osmotic diuresis cause PUPD?
Loss of osmotic substances in urine with related water loss
What is the most common example of osmotic diuresis?
Diabetes mellitus
Which breed of dog is predisposed to Fanconi disease and which type of PUPD does this cause?
Basenjis
Osmotic diuresis
What type of dogs usually show pyschogenic PUPD?
Young, bored dogs (primary polydipsia, with compensatory polyuria)
How does medullary washout cause PUPD?
Loss of medullary concentration gradient of the kidneys
What is the first step to take in a case of PUPD?
Quantify water intake
