SA Endocrinology 1 - Canine Hypothyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

How are thyroid hormones made?

A

Iodination of tyrosine residues of thryroglobulin

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2
Q

How do thyroid hormones circulate and which of these is the metabolically active state?

A

Protein bound state - reservoir
Free portion - metabolically active

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3
Q

How are thyroid hormones regulated?

A

Regulated via hypothalamic-pituiatry thyroid axis with negative feedback loops.

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4
Q

What is euthyroid sick syndrome?

A

Suppresses production of T4
Many sick patients will have measurably low T4 levels

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5
Q

Which two diseases cause canine hypothyroidism?

A

Immune mediated lymphocytic thyroiditis
Progressing to idiopathic atrophy

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6
Q

Which two breeds have a predisposition to canine hypothyroidism?

A

Doberman Pinscher
Golden Retriever

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7
Q

What is the most common group of signs associated with canine hypothyroidism?

A

Dermatological signs

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8
Q

When you should you test for canine hypothyroidism?

A

When you have clinical suspicion

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9
Q

What will 30% of dogs show on their haematology when diagnosed with canine hypothyroidism?

A

Mild, non-regenerative (normocytic, normochromic) anaemia (of chronic disease)

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10
Q

What is often seen of on the serum biochemistry of dogs with canine hypothyroidism?

A

Hyperlipaemia

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11
Q

Which test more accurately reflects thyroid function and which methodology should you use?

A

Utility of free T4
Need to use vaildates (equilibrium dialysis) methodology

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12
Q

When are thyroglobulin antibodies present in canine hypothyroidism?

A

During destructive phase
NOT when destruction is complete

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13
Q

Where breeds have a naturally low T4 value?

A

Greyhounds and sighthounds

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14
Q

List two drugs that will mimic hypothyroidism?

A

TMPS and phenobarbitone

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15
Q

Which drug should you use as a replacement in canine hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

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16
Q

What can congenital hypothyroidism cause?

A

Disproportionate dwarfism

17
Q

At which age are dogs usually diagnosed with canine thyroid neoplasia?

A

Older dogs: 9-11 years

18
Q

Which type of cancer are usually found in canine thyroid neoplasias?

A

Carcinomas

19
Q

What usually causes feline hypothyroidism?

A

Iatrogenic (secondary to treatment of hyperthyroidism)