S8- Group Behavior

Question 0

Expectations states theory

Answer 0

A theory that states that the development of group status is based on members’ expectations of others’ probable contributions to the achievement of group goals. These expectations are shaped not only by members’ task-relevant characteristics but also by diffuse-status characteristics, such as race, sex, age, and wealth

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

Several interdependent people who have emotional ties and interact on a regular basis

Question 2

Temporal model of group membership

Answer 2

A theory of group membership describing the changes that occur over time in members and in the group due to their mutual influence and interdependence

Question 3

Social facilitation

Answer 3

The enhancement of dominant responses due to the presence of others

Question 4

Social loafing

Answer 4

Group-induced reduction in individual output when performers efforts are pulled and thus cannot be individually judged

Question 5

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 5

The belief that the presence of other people in a situation makes one less personally responsible for the events that occur in that situation

Question 6

Deindividuation

Answer 6

The loss of a sense of individual identity and a loosening of normal inhibitions against engaging in behavior that is inconsistent with internal standards

Question 7

Group polarization

Answer 7

Group-produced enhancement or exaggeration of members’ initial attitudes through discussion

Question 8

Groupthink

Answer 8

A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment in a group that results from an excessive desire to reach consensus

Question 9

Leader

Answer 9

The person who exerts the most influence and provides direction and energy to the group

Question 10

Transformational leaders

Answer 10

Leaders who change (transform) the outlook and behavior of followers so that they move beyond their self-interest for the good of the group or society

Question 11

Contingency model of leadership

Answer 11

The theory that leadership effectiveness depends both on whether leaders are task oriented or relationship oriented and on the degree to which they have situational control

Question 12

Social dilemma

Answer 12

Any situation in which the most rewarding short-term choice for an individual will ultimately cause negative consequences for the group as a whole