S6-Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Flashcards
Outgroup
Any group with which we do not share membership
Ingroup
A group to which we belong and that forms a part of out social group
Outgroup homogeneity effect
Perception of outgroup members as being more similar to one another than are members of one’s ingroup
Stereotypes
Beliefs about the personalities, abilities, and motives of a social group that doesn’t allow for individual variation
Illusory correlation
The belief that two variables are associated with each other when in fact there is little or no actual association
Prejudice
Attitudes towards members of specific groups that directly or indirectly suggest they deserve an inferior social status
Explicit prejudice
Prejudicial attitudes that are consciously held, even if they are not publicly expressed
Implicit prejudice
Unconsciously held prejudicial attitudes
Discrimination
A negative and/or patronizing action towards members of specific groups
Stigma
An attribute that serves to discredit a person in the eyes of others
Racism
Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s racial background
Adverse racism
Attitudes toward members of a racial group that incorporate both egalitarian social values and negative emotions, causing one to avoid interaction with members of the group
Sexism
Any attitude, action, or institutional structure that subordinates a person because of her or his sex
Ambivalent sexism
Sexism directed against women based on both positive and negative attitudes (hostility and benevolence) rather than uniform dislike
Courtesy stigma
The tendency for individuals who are associated with stigmatized people to face negative evaluations from others
Sexual prejudice
Negative attitudes based on sexual orientation whether the target is homosexual bisexual or heterosexual
Heterosexism
A system of cultural beliefs values and customs that exalts heterosexuality and denies denigrates and stigmatizes any nonheterosexual form of behavior or identity
Stereotype threat
The apprehension people feel when performing a task in which their group is stereotyped to lack the ability
Ingroup bias
The tendency to give more favorable valuations and greater rewards to an group members than to outgroup members
Social identity theory
A theory suggesting that people seek to enhance their self-esteem by identifying with specific social groups and perceiving these games is being better than other groups
Realistic group conflict theory
The theory that Intergroup conflict develops from competition for limited resources
Ethnocentrism
A pattern of increased hostility towards outgroups accompanied by increased loyalty to one’s ingroup
Superordinate goal
A mutually shared goal that can be achieved only through Intergroup collaboration
Social dominance very
A theory contending that societal groups can be organized in a power hierarchy in which the dominant groups enjoy a disproportionate share of the society’s assets and the subordinate groups receive most of its liabilities
Personal group discrimination discrepancy
The tendency for members of disadvantaged groups to minimize personal discrimination in their own lives
System justification theory
A theory proposing that members of disadvantaged groups often adopt beliefs endorsing the legitimacy and fairness of the unequal group status hierarchy in society
Authoritarian personality
A personality trait characterized by submissiveness to authority, rigid adherence to conventional values, and prejudice towards outgroups
Contact hypothesis
The theory that under certain conditions direct contact between antagonistic groups will reduce prejudice
Intergroup anxiety
Anxiety to anticipating negative consequences when interacting with an outgroup member
Jigsaw classroom
A cooperative group-learning technique designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem
