S1-Introduction Social Psychology

Question 0

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 0

The process by which someone’s expectations about a person or group leads to the fulfillment of those expectations

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

The scientific discipline that attempts to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

Question 2

Self

Answer 2

A symbol-using social being who can reflect on his or her own behavior

Question 3

Self-serving bias

Answer 3

The tendency to take credit for positive outcomes but deny responsibility for negative outcomes in our lives

Question 4

Interactionism

Answer 4

An important perspective in social psychology that emphasizes the combined effects of both the person and the situation on human behavior

Question 5

Social cognition

Answer 5

The ways in which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about our social world

Question 6

Dual-process theories

Answer 6

Theories of social cognition that describe two basic ways of thinking about social stimuli, one involving automatic, effortless thinking and the other involving more deliberate, effortful thinking

Question 7

Explicit cognition

Answer 7

Deliberate judgments or decisions of which we are consciously aware

Question 8

Implicit cognition

Answer 8

Judgments or decisions that are under the control of automatically activated evaluations occurring without our awareness

Question 9

Culture

Answer 9

The total lifestyle of a people, including all the ideas, symbols, preferences and material objects that they share

Question 10

Individualism

Answer 10

The philosophy of life stressing the priority of individual needs of a group needs a preference for loosely net socialist tips and a desire to relatively autonomous of others influence

Question 11

Collectivism

Answer 11

A philosophy of life stressing the priority of group needs over individual needs a preference for tightly knit social relationships and the willingness to submit to the influence of ones group

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

An approach to psychology based on the principle of natural selection

Question 13

Genes

Answer 13

The biochemical units of inheritance for all living organisms

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

The process by which organisms with inherited traits best suited to the environment reproduce more successfully then less well-adapted organisms over a number of generations, and a process by which leads to evolutionary changes

Question 15

Evolution

Answer 15

The genetic changes that occur in a species over generations due to natural selection

Question 16

Sex

Answer 16

The biological status of being female or male

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

The meaning set societies and individuals attach to being female and male

Question 18

Social neuroscience

Answer 18

The study of the relationship between neural processes of brain and social processes

Question 19

Cerebral cortex

Answer 19

The wrinkled-looking outer layer of the brain that coordinates and integrates all other brain areas into a fully functioning unit, that is the brain’s “thinking” center, and that is much larger in humans than in other animals

Question 20

Frontal lobe

Answer 20

The region of the cerebral cortex situated just behind the forehead that is involved in the coordination of movement and higher mental processes, such as planning, social skills, and abstract thinking. This is the area of the brain that is the originator of self processes

Question 21

Positive psychology

Answer 21

An approach to psychology that studies ways to enrich human experience and maximize human functioning