S7 L2 Diarrhoea, Constipation, Appendicitis, Diverticulitis, Rectum and Anal Canal

Question 1

Diarrhoea

• Definitions
• Pathophysiology - why does diarrhoea happen?

Answer 1

Question 2

Diarrhoea:
- 2 types, explain them briefly

Answer 2

Question 3

Diarrhoea - Secretory cause

• What is this?
• Caused by?

Answer 3

Question 4

Diarrhoea - Osmotic cause
- Explain in detail

Other:
- Name some other causes of diarrhoea

Answer 4

Question 5

Constipation:

• Defintion
• Risk factors

Answer 5

Question 6

Constipation:
- Pathophysiology

Answer 6

Question 7

Constipation
- Treatments

Answer 7

Question 8

Appendicitis

• What is this?
• Describe the muscle in the appendix
• Blood supply
• Location - how these differ between people

Answer 8

Question 9

Appendicitis:

• 3 types
• Causes (main believed one)
• Alternative explanation of appendicitis

Answer 9

Question 10

Appendicitis:

• Symptoms
• Explain the ‘typical’ pain profile

Answer 10

Question 11

Appendicitis:

• Signs
• Physical examination test doctor can do

Answer 11

Question 12

Appendicitis - diagnosis/treatment

Answer 12

Question 13

Diverticulosis

• What is this?
• Symptoms?
• Where does it occur?
• What actually happens?
• Cause of this…

Answer 13

Question 14

Acute Diverticulitis

• What is this?
• What does it happen?
• Pathophysiology
• Uncomplicated diverticulitis
• Complicated diverticulitis

What is:

• Diverticulosis
• Diverticular disease

Answer 14

Question 15

Acute diverticulitis
- Symptoms and signs

Answer 15

Question 16

Acute diverticulitis - Diagnosis

Answer 16

Question 17

Rectum and Anal canal anatomy:

• Where is the rectum?
• Where is the anus?
• Where is the junction between them?
• Muscle in rectum?
• Shape of rectum?
• Peritoneum - rectum?
• Role

Answer 17

Question 18

Rectum and anal canal - Arteries and veins

• Blood supply to rectum is from several arteries….
• Venous drainage

Answer 18

Question 19

Anal canal

• What is this?
• Where is the start of the anal canal?
• Two directions of the anus
• Anatomy that changes the direction of the anus?

Answer 19

Question 20

Anal canal
- How is this involved in continence?

Answer 20

Question 21

Anal sphincter complex:

• two types…
• control…

Answer 21

Question 22

Process of Defaecation

Answer 22

Question 23

Anal canal:

• Dentate line
• White line

What is the significance of above and below these lines?

Answer 23

Question 24

Haemorrhoids

• What are these?
• When can they cause problems?

Answer 24

Question 25

Internal Haemorrhoids

• What are these?
• Characteristics of these and description?
• Treatment
• What makes them worse?

Answer 25

Question 26

Internal Haemorrhoids
- 4 grades

Answer 26

Question 27

External Haemorrhoids

• Characteristics of these?
• Description of these?

Answer 27

Question 28

Anal Fissure

• What happens?
• Underlying cause
• Treatment

Answer 28

Question 29

Haematochezia - common causes
- List some

Answer 29

Question 30

Melaena

• What is this?
• Description?
• Common causes
• Uncommon causes

Answer 30