S4 L2 Gastric Diseases Flashcards
Diseases included in the term ‘Gastric disease’
What is the definition of dyspepsia?
What is this?
GORD, gastritis, PUD
Dyspepsia:
A complex of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms which are typically present for four or more weeks, including upper abdominal discomfort, heartburn, acid reflux, nausea, and/or vomitting
- usually an umbrella term, signs and symptoms of many different common complants
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease:
- Symptoms
- Risk factors
- More detail about hiatus hernia
Lower oesophageal sphincter (mechanism)
- How does this sphincter work?
- How is acid reflux prevented?
- What is the other sphincter in the stomach?
- Potental constitutes of reflux include…
Complications of GORD
- 5 complications
- Barrett’s oesophagus - epithelial change… what does this risk…
Management of GORD:
- Lifestyle
- Drugs
- Surgery
Gastritis
- Diagnosed/leading up to diagnosis…
Acute vs Chronic Gastritis
- Causes of each
- Pathological changes with each
Chronic gastritis - Autoimmune cause
- Explain the autoimmune cause
- How does the autoimmune cause of chronic gastritis lead to symptoms?
- Symptoms
Chronic gastritis - H.pylori (Helicobacter pylori)
- % of people infected…
- Symptoms?
- Any benefits of H.pylori?
- How does H.pylori enter the body?
- Type of bacteria?
- It’s oxygen requirement?
- Features of H.pylori? and why?
- How does protect itself against acid? Why does this method work?
H.pylori:
- Specific gene associated with H.pylori?
- H.pylori also secretes… 2 groups of things
- Cancer risk?
- H.pylori is associated with…
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H.pylori in the stomach antrum:
- Which specific cells that affect acid production are in this location?
- H.pylori leads to…
- How does the H.pylori then affect chyme?
- How does H.pylori affect the duodenum?
H.pylori in the stomach body (and/or fundus)
- How does this affect the parietal cells in this area?
- What does this increase the risk of?
- If colonisation in both antrum and stomach body, patients…
Diagnosis of H.pylori:
- Name of the test
- Background understanding for this…
- Procedure/test
- Look at results…
Eradiction of H.pylori
- Method
- How to check
Peptic ulcer disease
- Definition
- Ulceration - what this means for the layers?
- Most common place to occur…
- Stomach ulcers - most likely to affect which part?
Gastric vs duodenal ulcers
- Compare: Incidence, age, social class, blood group, acid levels, % caused by H.pylori
- Why does (can) high acidity cause duodenal ulcers?
- How does H.pylori in antrum affect G cells? What does this then mean?
Recap of stomach defences (5)
Risk factors - for peptide ulcer disease
Acute and chronic ulcers:
- When and where do they occur?
Morphology of PUD
- Size
- Base of ulcer is?
- Scar tissue
- To be classed as an ulcer…
- Perforations?
Erosion of ulcers into blood vessels
- Two types
- The main symptoms for each type
- Malignancy risk?
Symptoms of PUD
- 5 major ones
- Difficult to work out from signs and symptoms if it is a gastric or duodenal ulcer, one non-accurate way to distinguish?
Management of PUD
